植物营养与肥料学报2025，Vol.31Issue(9)：1777-1787,11.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2024626
磷肥施用频次对东北春玉米产量和磷肥利用率的影响
Effects of phosphorus fertilization frequency on maize yield and phosphorus fertilizer efficiency in Northeast China
摘要
Abstract
[Objectives]Excessive phosphorus(P)fertilizer application in the black soil region of Northeast China has led to low P use efficiency in recent decades.This study examines the effects of optimized fertilization combined with P application frequency on spring maize yield,fertilizer use efficiency,and soil P balance,providing theoretical support for improving P resource utilization and cost-effectiveness in maize-producing areas of Northeast China.[Methods]A six-year field experiment(2018-2023)with two-experiment-cycle design was conducted in Gongzhuling,Jilin Province,a major maize-producing region.Under a recommended P application rate of 100 kg P2O5/hm2,four treatments were implemented:P0(no P fertilizer),P1(one P fertilizer application event every three years),P2(two P fertilizer application events every three years),and P3(P applied annually).Following each maize harvest,plant and tilled-layer soil samples were collected annually to determine maize biomass,P uptake,and soil Olsen P content.These measurements were used to investigate changes in maize yield,P use efficiency,and apparent P balance across different phosphorus application frequencies.[Results]Compared to the P3 treatment,the P1 treatment significantly reduced maize yield and P uptake,while the P2 treatment showed no significant yield and P uptake difference across years.The P2 treatment achieved a P recovery efficiency(REP)of 25.1%,agronomic efficiency(AEP)of 20.5 kg/kg,and partial factor productivity(PFPP)of 172.7 kg/kg,which were 4.9 percentage points,6.2 kg/kg,and 56.9 kg/kg higher than the P3 treatment,respectively.The P2 treatment also demonstrated higher P physiological use efficiency,increasing by 16.4 kg/kg and 3.5 kg/kg compared to the P1 and P3 treatments,respectively.Long-term P deficiency led to a significant decrease followed by stabilization in soil Olsen P content,with an average annual decrease of 5.7 mg/kg during the experimental period.In years without P application,the soil Olsen P content in the P1 and P2 treatments was lower than in the P3 treatment.However,it recovered rapidly upon resuming P application,showing no significant difference from P3 treatment.Throughout the experimental cycle,the P1 and P2 treatments resulted in soil phosphorus deficits,with mean annual apparent P2O5 deficits of 36.3 and 6.4 kg/hm2,respectively.In contrast,the P3 treatment maintained a phosphorus surplus,exhibiting a mean annual apparent surplus of 23.6 kg/hm2.Phosphorus application frequency significantly influenced the apparent balance of soil nitrogen(N)and potassium(K).Specifically,the apparent N balance was in surplus,near balance,and in slight deficit for the P1,P2,and P3 treatments,respectively.K balances were deficient across all treatments,with mean annual K2O deficits of 51.9,65.3,and 66.2 kg/hm2 for P1,P2,and P3,respectively,attributable to straw removal.Additionally,the P2 treatment effectively maintained N and K uptake and nutrient balance,showing no significant difference compared to the P3 treatment.[Conclusions]In the continuous maize cropping system of Central and southern Jilin,one P fertilizer application event every three years reduces maize yields and depletes soil P,significantly lowering soil Olsen P content.However,there is no significant difference between two P fertilizer application events every three years and P applied annually in terms of maize yield,P uptake and the soil Olsen-P content,which not only improves the P fertilizer utilization rate,but also greatly reduces soil P surplus,and maintain basic N and P apparent balances.Under current soil P levels and recommended P application rates,applying P fertilizer twice within a three-year period offers a viable strategy for optimizing P use and enhancing P resource efficiency in maize production in the black soil region of Central and Southern Jilin.关键词
玉米产量/施磷频次/磷素吸收/磷肥利用率/磷素表观平衡Key words
maize yield/phosphorus application frequency/phosphorus uptake/phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency/phosphorus apparent balance引用本文复制引用
赵青松,周卫,李凤敏,杨富强,徐新朋,丁文成,仇少君,赵士诚,侯云鹏,何萍..磷肥施用频次对东北春玉米产量和磷肥利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2025,31(9):1777-1787,11.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2300402) （2023YFD2300402）
农田智慧施肥项目(20221805) （20221805）
吉林省科技发展计划项目(20220202024NC) （20220202024NC）
中国农业科学院科技创新工程. （）
