北京大学学报（医学版）2025，Vol.57Issue(5)：827-835,9.DOI:10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2025.05.003
口腔干细胞的生物学特性与转化研究
Biological characteristics and translational research of dental stem cells
摘要
Abstract
Dental stem cells(DSCs),a distinct subset of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),are isola-ted from dental tissues,such as dental pulp,exfoliated deciduous teeth,periodontal ligament,and apical papilla.They have emerged as a promising source of stem cell therapy for tissue regeneration and autoim-mune disorders.The main types of DSCs include dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs),stem cells from hu-man exfoliated deciduous teeth(SHED),periodontal ligament stem cells(PDLSCs),and stem cells from apical papilla(SC AP).Each type exhibits distinct advantages:easy access via minimally invasive procedures,multi-lineage differentiation potential,and excellent ethical acceptability.DSCs have demon-strated outstanding clinical efficacy in oral and maxillofacial regeneration,and their long-term safety has been verified.In oral tissue regeneration,DSCs are highly effective in oral tissue regeneration for critical applications such as the restoration of dental pulp vitality and periodontal tissue repair.A defining advan-tage of DSCs lies in their ability to integrate with host tissues and promote physiological regeneration,which render them a better option for oral tissue regenerative therapies.Beyond oral applications,DSCs also exhibit promising potential in the treatment of systemic diseases,including type Ⅱ diabetes and au-toimmune diseases due to their immunomodulatory effects.Moreover,extracellular vesicles(EVs)de-rived from DSCs act as critical mediators for DSCs' paracrine functions.Possessing regulatory properties similar to their parental cells,EVs are extensively utilized in research targeting tissue repair,immuno-modulation,and regenerative therapy—offering a"cell-free"strategy to mitigate the limitations associated with cell-based therapies.Despite these advancements,standardizing large-scale manufacturing,maintai-ning strict quality control,and clarifying the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction of DSCs and their EVs with recipient tissues remain major obstacles to the clinical translation of these treatments into broad clinical use.Addressing these barriers will be critical to enhancing their clinical applicability and therapeutic efficacy.In conclusion,DSCs and their EVs represent a transformative approach in re-generative medicine,and increasing clinical evidence supports their application in oral and systemic diseases.Continuous innovation remains essential to unlocking the widespread clinical potential of DSCs.关键词
口腔干细胞/细胞外囊泡/牙髓再生/牙周修复/免疫调节Key words
Dental stem cells/Extracellular vesicles/Pulp regeneration/Periodontal restoration/Im-munomodulation分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
欧乾民,李政诗,牛露菡,任倩慧,刘欣雨,毛学理,施松涛..口腔干细胞的生物学特性与转化研究[J].北京大学学报（医学版）,2025,57(5):827-835,9.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFA1100600)和珠江人才引进计划(2019ZT08Y485、2019JC01Y182)Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1100600)and the Pearl River Talent Recruitment Program(2019ZT08Y485,2019JC01Y182) （2021YFA1100600）
