储能科学与技术2025，Vol.14Issue(10)：3657-3665,9.DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0298
石墨与锂金属负极对混合固液锂离子电池短路与针刺安全性的影响
Graphite vs.lithium metal anodes:Safety of hybrid solid-liquid lithium batteries under short circuit and nail penetration
乔荣涵 1桑林 2张中洋 3姚霞银 1刘兴江 2俞海龙3
作者信息
- 1. 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所,浙江 宁波 315201
- 2. 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所,天津 300392
- 3. 中国科学院物理研究所,北京 100190
- 折叠
摘要
Abstract
Although lithium-ion batteries are widely adopted,their safety remains a critical bottleneck that limits further technological advancement.This study investigates how anode materials influence the thermal runaway pathways of ternary pouch cells by examining the safety responses of graphite and lithium metal anodes under nail penetration and external short-circuit conditions.By simultaneously monitoring key parameters,including temperature,voltage,current,and analyzing electrode interface morphology and contact status,this study demonstrates that anode properties fundamentally affect failure mechanisms during thermal events.In external short-circuit tests,the highly reactive lithium metal anode,together with powdery lithium deposits formed after cycling,exacerbates exothermic side reactions,resulting in significantly higher peak currents(148.7 A vs.100.9 A)and maximum temperatures(273℃vs.104℃)than those observed with graphite anode,indicating a substantially greater risk of thermal runaway.Conversely,lithium metal anodes exhibit superior safety performance during nail penetration tests.Localized melting at the penetration site,along with subsequent physical detachment and rapid chemical passivation,leads to a sharp increase in contact resistance(>40 Ω),which effectively interrupting interrupts the internal short circuit and prevents thermal runaway.In contrast,the rigid structure of graphite anodes maintains the short-circuit pathway,causing rapid heat accumulation,with peak temperature rates exceeding 420℃/s.Overall,this study reveals the structure-property-failure relationship between anode materials and their associated thermal behaviors,providing valuable insights for the design of lithium batteries that combine high energy density with enhanced safety through targeted anode modification.关键词
锂离子电池/锂金属/针刺/短路/热失控Key words
lithium-ion battery/lithium metal/nail penetration/short circuit/thermal runaway分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
乔荣涵,桑林,张中洋,姚霞银,刘兴江,俞海龙..石墨与锂金属负极对混合固液锂离子电池短路与针刺安全性的影响[J].储能科学与技术,2025,14(10):3657-3665,9.
