储能科学与技术2025，Vol.14Issue(10)：3715-3729,15.DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0252
锂电池低温电解液优化策略:挑战、进展与多维度协同设计
Low-temperature electrolyte optimization for lithium batteries:Challenges,advances,and multidimensional collaborative design
摘要
Abstract
The rapid development of renewable energy technology has led to the increased application of lithium batteries as efficient energy storage devices in electric vehicles,as well as aerospace and military equipment.However,these batteries exhibit significantly decreased performance at low temperatures,mainly because of decreased ionic conductivity,intensified lithium-dendrite growth,and increased interfacial side reactions,which severely limit their applications in extreme-temperature scenarios.Electrolytes,as essential components for lithium-ion transportation,play a key role in expanding the electrochemical stability window,inhibiting side reactions,and optimizing battery performance.In this review,the failure mechanism and multidimensional collaborative-optimization design of low-temperature electrolytes are systematically reviewed to offer theoretical guidance for the design of high-performance low-temperature electrolytes.The causes of electrolyte failures at low temperature are explored from three perspectives:ion transportation,electrode-electrolyte interface properties,and solvation structure.Subsequently,recent strategies for regulating the electrolyte components of lithium batteries are reviewed based on three categories:solvent,conductive lithium salt,and additives.Thereafter,a novel low-temperature electrolyte,which mainly comprises a weak-solvent electrolyte,an ionic-liquid electrolyte,a liquefied-gas electrolyte,and a local high-concentration electrolyte,is developed.The results reveal that an adjustment of the electrolyte composition improves ionic conductivity,inhibits dendrite growth,and enhances low-temperature battery performance,demonstrating one of the simplest and effective strategies for solving the aforementioned issues.Finally,the directions for future related studies are proposed.关键词
锂离子电池/锂金属电池/低温电解液/固体电解质界面/溶剂化结构Key words
lithium-ion batteries/lithium metal batteries/low-temperature electrolyte/solid-electrolyte interphase/solvation structure分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
李瑶,薛天杨,谢正娇,钱骥,李丽,陈人杰..锂电池低温电解液优化策略:挑战、进展与多维度协同设计[J].储能科学与技术,2025,14(10):3715-3729,15.基金项目
泰山学者工程(tsqn202312312),北京市自然科学基金-小米创新联合基金(L223012),山东省优秀青年科学基金项目(海外)(2023HWYQ-112),中国科协青年人才托举工程(2022QNRC001),国家重点研发计划(2022YFB2502102). （tsqn202312312）
