大豆科学2025，Vol.44Issue(5)：89-99,11.DOI:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2025.05.0089
大豆高光效育种的遗传基础及源库均衡与产量相关分析研究
Genetic Basis of High Photosynthetic Efficiency Breeding in Soybeans and Correlation Analysis of Source-Sink Balance with Yield—My 50-Year Scientific Career in Soybean Breeding(Part Ⅲ)
摘要
Abstract
Over the course of my 50-year career in soybean breeding research,since 1997,I have employed crop physiology and genetics research methods to conduct systematic studies on the genetic basis of high photosynthetic efficiency breeding in soybeans and the correlation between"source-sink"balance and yield.The results indicate that there are significant differences in photosynthetic rates among soybean varieties,and this trait exhibits relative genetic stability.Its genetic pattern belongs to quantitative trait inheritance,mainly controlled by the cell nucleus,while also being influenced by the chloroplast genome.Specifically,the broad-sense heritability of photosynthetic rate in the F2 generation of soybeans ranges from 43％to 61％,and that in the F3 generation exceeds 55％.The Hill reaction activity of soybean chloroplasts shows a strong tendency of maternal inheritance;however,based on the analysis of parental comparative advantage indices,the role of nuclear inheritance cannot be ruled out.The chloroplast Hill reaction activities of the parents in three different hybrid combinations all increased to varying degrees,showing significant complementary effects.Studies on the photosynthetic enzyme activity of the F1 generation of soybeans reveal that the photosynthetic enzyme activity of the F,generation in each combination differs significantly from that of the parents and is higher than the mid-parent value,indicating that the activity of photosynthetic carbon assimilation enzymes has heterosis,which is the core direction of target selection.The correlation analysis between"source-sink"balance and yield is an important part of high photosynthetic efficiency breeding research.The results show that the genetic correlation coefficients among economic coefficient,actual harvest index,apparent harvest index,and grain-stem ratio are relatively high,and all are positively correlated with economic yield.This suggests that selecting any one of these conversion coefficients can synergistically improve other conversion coefficients,thereby increasing yield.In the study on"source-sink"balance between high photosynthetic efficiency germplasm and high-yield varieties,it was found that after removing leaf pods at different levels to change the original"source-sink"ratio,the photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation of the remaining leaves showed a strong compensatory effect.The above analysis results on the genetic basis of high photosynthetic efficiency breeding and the in-depth analysis of the relationship between source-sink balance and yield have brought enlightenment to the field of soybean research.Based on this,combined with the current development trend of soybean molecular biology and molecular genetics,the following suggestions are put forward for the development of this research field in the next 10 years:In the field of soybean molecular breeding research,attention should be paid to photosynthesis and the balanced and coordinated development of"source-flow-sink",and this should be regarded as one of the goals of molecular breeding.The"source-flow-sink"theory should be applied to molecular breeding,and gradually realize high-throughput detection technologies for photosynthetic rate and C3 and C4 pathway enzyme systems(mainly RuBPCase,PEPCase,and PPDKCase).In the field of soybean functional gene research,the mining of functional genes regulating the above enzyme systems and the study of their regulatory networks should be taken as one of the goals.In the field of soybean multi-omics research,the research on the genetic control of photosynthesis should be advanced to the molecular genetic level to decode the molecular mechanisms and gene regulatory networks.In the field of important trait gene mining research,priority should be given to ecological traits,and their physiological characteristics should be systematically analyzed.China is rich in soybean germplasm resources,but the potential of their photosynthetic activity has not been fully exploited.The analysis of plastid(mitochondrial and chloroplast)genetic information and the mining of functional genes are important directions in soybean research,which is not only a key scientific issue for breaking through the bottleneck of soybean yield per unit area but also an important research field for promoting low-carbon agricultural development.关键词
大豆/光合活性/遗传控制/源库均衡/产量Key words
soybean/photosynthetic activity/genetic control/source-sink balance/yield引用本文复制引用
杜维广..大豆高光效育种的遗传基础及源库均衡与产量相关分析研究[J].大豆科学,2025,44(5):89-99,11.基金项目
"七五""八五""九五"期间"大豆新品种选育技术"攻关课题,第三层次"大豆育种应用基础和技术研究" （）
国家973计划:光合作用高效转能机理及其在农业中的应用(G1998010100). （G1998010100）
