中国劳动关系学院学报2025，Vol.39Issue(5)：10-18,9.
马克思的"总体工人"理论及其对"无用阶级论"的驳斥
Marx's Theory of the"Collective Worker"and Its Refutation of the"Theory of the Useless Class"
摘要
Abstract
The theory of the"collective worker"proposed by Marx in Capital and its manuscripts reveals the mechanism by which the"collective worker"creates value through division of labor and cooperation in large-scale socialized production,profoundly unveiling the essence of capital exploitation.This theory elucidates that the division and cooperation of labor is the fundamental form of work for the"collective worker",and value stems from their combined labor.Simultaneously,the"collective worker"fulfills the dual role of both producing and realizing surplus value,thereby serving as the bearer of class relations.In the era of artificial intelligence,this theory provides a basis for refuting Harari's"theory of the useless class":it proves that technological changes have not eliminated the subjective position of workers in the value creating process;it exposes that the appearance of"uselessness"is actually an ideological illusion created by capital to cover up the exploitation of surplus value;and the so-called opposition between the tech elite and the useless class is essentially a new form of the contradiction between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.Therefore,the theory of the"collective worker"remains a sharp weapon for analyzing the new changes in capitalism,demonstrating the contemporary vitality of Marxist political economy critique.关键词
马克思/总体工人/《资本论》/劳动价值论/剩余价值论/无用阶级论Key words
Marx/collective worker/Capital/labor theory of value/surplus value theory/theory of the useless class分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
李健,谢睿..马克思的"总体工人"理论及其对"无用阶级论"的驳斥[J].中国劳动关系学院学报,2025,39(5):10-18,9.基金项目
本文系中华全国总工会工会理论研究会委托招标课题"习近平总书记关于工人阶级和工会工作重要论述的理论渊源研究"(项目编号:2025-QZYJH-01)的阶段性研究成果. （项目编号:2025-QZYJH-01）
