经济与管理研究2025，Vol.46Issue(10)：57-74,18.DOI:10.13502/j.cnki.issn1000-7636.2025.10.004
数据流动规则与制造业出口技术复杂度
Data Flow Regulations and Technological Complexity of Manufacturing Exports
摘要
Abstract
With the acceleration of global digitalization,data has emerged as a critical factor driving economic growth and technological advancement.To safeguard national security and protect personal privacy,countries have established institutional frameworks for data flow regulations across multiple dimensions,including cross-border transmission,data localization,and security reviews.Against this backdrop,a pressing issue is how to design scientific and reasonable data flow regulations that can unlock the potential of data as a production factor,thereby promoting the restructuring of the manufacturing system and facilitating technological upgrading.Therefore,this paper examines the issue from the perspective of data flow restrictions. Drawing upon the ECIPE-DTE database,this paper constructs a data policy index covering 55 economies from 2000 to 2018.Then,it combines the index with panel data for manufacturing industries to systematically analyze the impact of data flow regulations on the technological complexity of manufacturing exports,as well as the underlying mechanisms.The empirical results demonstrate that more relaxed data flow regulations can increase the technological complexity of manufacturing exports.Specifically,three key mechanisms are highlighted:the digital technology enabling effect,the trade cost reduction effect,and the external demand boosting effect. To empirically verify these mechanisms,this paper employs a multi-dimensional panel fixed effects model.The benchmark regression reveals that data flow regulations exert a positive effect on the technological complexity of manufacturing exports.To address potential endogeneity concerns,this paper constructs two instrumental variables—a weighted data policy index and mobile network coverage—and employs the two-stage least squares(2SLS)estimation method to validate the robustness of the findings.Mechanism tests further demonstrate that relaxed data flow regulations reinforce the digital technology enabling effect by increasing industrial robot density and stimulating R&D expenditure.Meanwhile,rational data flow regulations effectively reduce comprehensive trade costs,logistics costs,and search costs,thereby supporting the trade cost reduction effect.Furthermore,transparent and coordinated data flow regulations enhance the responsiveness of the supply side to global demand shifts,thereby confirming the external demand boosting effect. The potential contributions are threefold.First,this paper takes data flow regulations as the analytical entry point and systematically investigates their effects on the technological complexity of manufacturing exports,highlighting both their restrictive and enabling dimensions.Second,it improves the measurement of data governance by constructing an extended data policy index panel dataset that enriches existing research in terms of temporal and spatial coverage.Third,it comprehensively identifies and empirically examines three critical channels through which data flow regulations influence the upgrading of manufacturing export structures.关键词
数据流动规则/数据政策指数/制造业/出口技术复杂度/数字技术赋能Key words
data flow regulations/data policy index/manufacturing/technological complexity of manufacturing exports/digital technology empowerment分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
谢娟娟,肖姝帆..数据流动规则与制造业出口技术复杂度[J].经济与管理研究,2025,46(10):57-74,18.基金项目
国家社会科学基金一般项目"数字基础设施建设促进制造业数字化转型升级研究"(22BJY195) （22BJY195）
