经济与管理研究2025，Vol.46Issue(10)：91-109,19.DOI:10.13502/j.cnki.issn1000-7636.2025.10.006
工业机器人应用、偏向性技术进步与劳动力性别就业差距
Industrial Robot Applications,Biased Technological Progress,and Gender Employment Gap
摘要
Abstract
The new round of industrial revolution,with robots and intelligent technology as the core,has greatly improved the efficiency of enterprises in production integration,processing,and assembly,R&D,and design.This brings about a transformation of the industrial production process and innovation mode,profoundly impacting the labor structure.Clarifying the mechanism through which industrial robot applications affect the gender employment gap not only is conducive to stabilizing employment and ensuring people's livelihood,but also provides valuable experience for the healthy development of the economic society and intelligent transformation. Based on the logic of gender-based occupational segregation theory and considering the biased characteristics of technological progress in industrial robots,this paper examines the impact of industrial robots on the gender employment gap in industrial labor through the labor iteration effect,skill premium effect,technological innovation effect,and productivity effect.Based on robot data from the International Federation of Robotics and China's industrial data,this paper reveals the internal logic of robots affecting the gender employment gap in industrial labor and provides industry-level evidence. The results are threefold.(1)The application of robots can increase the employment of male labor,but has no significant impact on female labor,generally widening the gender employment gap in industrial labor.(2)As the male labor exhibits a closer alignment with skill endowments and educational requirements required by industrial robots applications,the gender employment gap is likely to widen due to the increase in the proportion of skilled labor and the skill premium,and the enhanced labor productivity and technological innovation capacity driven by industrial robots applications.(3)Heterogeneity analysis shows that in industries with high monopoly levels and high capital intensity,industrial robots can widen the gender employment gap,but no such effect is observed in high-tech industries. This paper carries valuable policy implications.The government should actively promote the reform of the education system,encouraging and guiding women to acquire professional knowledge in science and engineering fields,particularly those related to machinery and programming,in school education.Enterprises should be encouraged to conduct skills training and job transfer training related to industrial robot applications.Additionally,policies such as subsidies for female labor to transition to the tertiary industry should be implemented in advance to expand employment opportunities for female labor.At the same time,the government should adopt policies based on industry endowments.In industries with high capital intensity and high monopoly levels,the government should reduce the possible additional costs of hiring women through employment subsidies,training subsidies,and other policy measures,so as to achieve high-quality collaborative development of male and female labor when adopting industrial robots.关键词
工业机器人/技能溢价/性别就业差距/偏向性技术进步/劳动力Key words
industrial robot/skill premium/gender employment gap/biased technological progress/labor分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
孙早,宗睿..工业机器人应用、偏向性技术进步与劳动力性别就业差距[J].经济与管理研究,2025,46(10):91-109,19.基金项目
国家社会科学基金重点项目"人工智能发展对新时期中国就业的影响与应对政策研究"(20AJY006) （20AJY006）
国家社会科学基金一般项目"数字化转型过程中收入不平等的形成机理及其经济增长效应研究"(23BJL139) （23BJL139）
