大气科学学报2025，Vol.48Issue(5)：792-803,12.DOI:10.13878/j.cnki.dqkxxb.20241217002
南极表面气温趋势变化和极端事件研究进展
Recent advances in surface air temperature trends and extreme events in Antarctica
摘要
Abstract
Surface air temperature changes in Antarctica are a critical aspect of global climate change research.In recent years,certain regions of the Antarctic continent have experienced significant warming and an increase in extreme weather events,which have severely impacted ice shelf stability and the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet.Rising temperatures accelerate ice sheet degradation,thereby contributing to global sea level rise.These changes underscore the urgency of gaining a deeper understanding of Antarctic temperature variability.Temperature changes across Antarctica exhibit complex spatial and temporal patterns,and substantial uncertainties remain regarding future climate projections.Over the past two decades,surface air temperatures in Antarctica have undergone notable shifts,particularly marked by an increase in the frequency of extreme warm events,drawing considerable attention from the scientific community.This paper reviews recent progress on Antarctic temperature variability,focusing on two primary aspects:long-term temperature trends and extreme temperature events.It dis-cusses their spatiotemporal characteristics,associated meteorological and climatic backgrounds,and links to large-scale atmospheric circulation anomalies.Significant regional differences exist in temperatures trends across the continent.West Antarctica,especially during winter and spring,has experienced pronounced warming.The Antarctic Peninsula,in particular,is warming rapidly,with an annual mean temperature trend of approximately 0.5 ℃ per decade and recorded extreme high temperatures exceeding 10 ℃.In contrast,temperature trends in in-land East Antarctica remain relatively modest.These temperature variations are largely influenced by atmospheric circulation,which governs the meridional transport temperature of heat and moisture.Previous studies have dem-onstrated that tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies can trigger Rossby wave propagation,which in turn modulates atmospheric circulation around Antarctica.This teleconnection mechanism is responsible for con-trasting warming and cooling patterns in West and East Antarctica,respectively,primarily through warm or cold air advection. Research into the drivers of extreme high-temperature events indicates strong associations with specific at-mospheric circulation anomalies and topographic effects.Such events have increased not only on the Antarctic Peninsula but also in parts of inland East Antarctica.During these events,advection is the dominant process influ-encing temperature anomalies.Moreover,short-term regional circulation anomalies can induce extreme temperature episodes.Local topographic features,particularly in the Antarctic Peninsula,which extends into the midlatitude westerly belt,play a critical role in modifying airflow by blocking,lifting,or redirecting air masses,thereby affect-ing surface temperature.Despite considerable progress in understanding Antarctic surface temperature changes,ob-servational limitations,especially across the Antarctic Plateau,continue to constrain research.Sparse station cover-age in these interior regions hampers the study of interannual to decadal temperature variability.Nevertheless,the latest research provides valuable insights into the dynamics of Antarctic temperature changes and their broader cli-matic implications.关键词
南极气温/趋势变化/极端事件/时空特征/环流异常Key words
Antarctic temperature/trend variability/extreme events/spatiotemporal patterns/atmospheric circulation anomalies引用本文复制引用
徐敏,胡晓明,杨清华,罗昊,刘骥平,余意..南极表面气温趋势变化和极端事件研究进展[J].大气科学学报,2025,48(5):792-803,12.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(42476258 （）
42306040) （）
广东省科技计划项目(2024B1212070012) （2024B1212070012）
广东省自然科学基金项目(2025A1515010882) （2025A1515010882）
