兽类学报2025，Vol.45Issue(5)：655-667,13.DOI:10.16829/j.slxb.151001
三江源国家公园人居环境中棕熊入室活动节律及人为影响因素分析
Analysis of patterns and human-related factors influencing brown bears' incursions into human-settled areas within Sanjiangyuan Nation-al Park
摘要
Abstract
In recent years,human-bear conflicts resulting from the incursion of brown bears(Ursus arctos)into human dwellings have emerged as substantial challenges to the implementation of ecological civilization and livelihood im-provement initiatives in Sanjiangyuan National Park.Concurrently,the paucity of research on local brown bear behavior and their spatiotemporal responses to human activities has exacerbated the difficulties in managing these conflicts effec-tively.In this study,conducted from April 2022 to April 2023,twenty camera sites were established in Longma Village,Yege Township,Qumalai County,Qinghai Province.Using infrared camera trap technology over a total of 4 781 effec-tive camera working days,we collected activity data on brown bears,free-roaming dogs,and human presence.The study analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns and human-related influencing factors associated with brown bear incursions into human-settled areas.We found that the proportion of brown bears recorded incursion behaviors reached as high as 79.56％and the animals entering human dwellings were primarily solitary individuals.Among these incursion activi-ties,the success rate of finding food was 60.55％.The intrusion activity of brown bear occurred at night,with peak ac-tivity observed between 22:00 and 01:00.Annual peaks in activity were noted in April and July.In human-inhabited environments,both human and free-roaming dog activities predominantly occurred during the daytime,resulting in a high temporal overlap index.In contrast,the indices measuring temporal overlap between the nocturnal activities of brown bears and the diurnal activities of free-roaming dogs and humans were markedly lower.A significant negative cor-relation was observed between the intensity of brown bear break-in incursion activities and human activity on a daily tim-escale.Conversely,long-term correlations revealed significant positive associations between bear intrusions and the ac-tivity levels of both humans and free-roaming dogs.Based on the findings of this study,strict management of human-re-lated foods and relevant waste are recommended.This should be complemented by promoting the development and utili-zation of reinforced housing structures,bear-proof garbage cans,and secure food storage containers.These measures aim to minimize the accessibility of human food and waste to brown bears,thereby reducing their intrusive behaviors and mitigating human-bear conflicts.关键词
人兽冲突/棕熊/三江源国家公园/人居环境/红外相机Key words
Human-wildlife conflict/Brown bear(Ursus arctos)/Sanjiangyuan National Park/Human-inhabited area/Infrared camera traps分类
生物科学引用本文复制引用
李全邦,王东,魏海娟,牛少鹏,连新明..三江源国家公园人居环境中棕熊入室活动节律及人为影响因素分析[J].兽类学报,2025,45(5):655-667,13.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1305000) （2023YFF1305000）
青海省自然科学与工程技术学科带头人专项资金 （）
