兽类学报2025，Vol.45Issue(5)：668-680,13.DOI:10.16829/j.slxb.151011
吉林汪清地区亚洲黑熊熊仓微生境及置仓生境选择
Microhabitat and den site selection of Asiatic black bears in Wangqing National Nature Reserve,Jilin,China
摘要
Abstract
In the northeastern region of China,winter is characterized by a snow-covered period that can last up to half a year,with frigid temperatures and scarce food resources.To cope with these harsh environments,Asiatic black bears(Ur-sus thibetanus)hibernate during most of the winter,a period that also coincides with their breeding and early cub-rearing phase.Therefore,hibernation is crucial for the stability of populations in this region,and suitable dens are essential for successful hibernation.This study,conducted between 2015 and 2019 in the Wangqing National Nature Reserve in Jilin Province,identified 24 dens sites through field surveys.Using descriptive statistics,principal component analysis(PCA),and random forest modeling,we examined den structure,microhabitat,and denning habitat to explore the factors influencing den selection and the environmental factors affecting den site choice,thereby revealing the relationship be-tween the microhabitat,denning environment,and den selection.We found that the trees selected for denning were pri-marily Populus cathayana,indicating a relatively narrow range of tree species compared to other studies.The denning trees had a diameter at breast height(DBH)of approximately(122.89±13.60)cm,with den entrances measuring about(39.26±6.62)cm in diameter.The orientation of the den entrances fell within the range of solar altitude and was shel-tered from the wind,suggesting that temperature plays a significant role in den entrance selection.Entrance orientation accounted for most of the first principal component,and the DBH and entrance size constituted the second principal com-ponent.Together,these two components accounted for 0.85 of the total variance,indicating that entrance orientation,DBH,and entrance size are the primary factors considered in den selection.The main factors influencing den site habitat selection included the distance to rivers,distance to major roads,gross primary productivity(GPP)in October,and dis-tance to human settlements.The ecological significance of these factors suggests that the primary considerations in den site selection are safety,insulation,and access to food resources.This study provides scientific support for the conserva-tion and restoration of denning habitats for Asiatic black bears in northeastern China.关键词
亚洲黑熊/冬眠/熊仓/微生境/置仓生境Key words
Ursus thibetanus/Hibernation/Den/Microhabitat/Denning site habitat分类
生物科学引用本文复制引用
杜海荣,张明海..吉林汪清地区亚洲黑熊熊仓微生境及置仓生境选择[J].兽类学报,2025,45(5):668-680,13.基金项目
国家林业和草原局项目"吉林省黑熊种群动态与空间分布调查" （）
