沈阳工业大学学报2025，Vol.47Issue(5)：545-557,13.DOI:10.7688/j.issn.1000-1646.2025.05.01
构网型新能源调频控制技术综述
Review of grid-forming control technology for new energy in frequency modulation
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]With the increasing proportion of new energy,traditional grid-following(GFL)control based on phase-locked loop(PLL)synchronization gradually exhibits inherent stability limitations in weak grid conditions.Meanwhile,grid-forming(GFM)control with self-synchronizing source characteristics has emerged as a hot solution.However,existing research predominantly focuses on the voltage regulation or synchronization stability of GFM control,with less attention to its frequency modulation capability and characteristics.[Methods]This paper systematically reviewed four mainstream GFM control methods,including droop control,virtual synchronous generator(VSG)control,matching control,and virtual oscillator control(VOC),explained their frequency modulation principles,and analyzed their advantages and disadvantages from the aspects of the control loop and application scenarios.On this basis,a grid-connected simulation model for new energy systems was built to conduct a simulation-based analysis of the frequency modulation response characteristics of different kinds of frequency modulation control across diverse scenarios.Finally,this study summarized challenges of GFM control in strategy optimization,parameter tuning,and multi-unit coordination,with the future development prospects pointed out.[Results]Droop control regulates the active power of generating units by responding to system frequency deviations,featuring advantages of the simple structure and strong grid strength adaptability.However,its lack of inertia support results in relatively weaker frequency modulation performance.On the basis of droop control,VSG control simulates the inertia response characteristics of conventional synchronous machines and can better suppress the change performance of system frequency.However,it faces challenges in parameter tuning,fault ride-through,and multi-unit coordination.Matching control utilizes the dynamic characteristics of DC capacitors to simulate the inertia properties of traditional synchronous machines and thus restrain change performance of system frequency,but it fails to provide sustained support in the frequency quasi-steady state.VOC generates frequency responses similar to droop control via oscillator dynamic equations that directly govern amplitude and frequency.However,it is difficult for its high output harmonics to satisfy grid connection requirements.[Conclusion]Virtual synchronous machine control has become the most promising research direction in GFM control due to its technical advantages of balancing frequency modulation performance and strong grid strength adaptability in participating in system frequency modulation.However,technical challenges including synchronization stability,fault ride-through,and coordinated control need to be tackled.In the future,in-depth research should be conducted on control strategies and parameter optimization,and multi-unit collaborated control to facilitate the large-scale application of GFM control.关键词
新能源/构网型/调频控制/下垂控制/虚拟同步机控制/匹配控制/虚拟振荡器控制Key words
new energy/grid-forming/frequency modulation control/droop control/virtual synchronous generator control/matching control/virtual oscillator control分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
李卫星,潘韵同,马欣彤,晁璞璞,孙广宇,金泳霖..构网型新能源调频控制技术综述[J].沈阳工业大学学报,2025,47(5):545-557,13.基金项目
国网辽宁省电力有限公司科技项目(2023ZX-18). （2023ZX-18）
