实验技术与管理2025，Vol.42Issue(9)：71-82,12.DOI:10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2025.09.010
探地雷达技术在混凝土结构裂缝检测与完整性评价中的应用
Application of ground penetrating radar for the crack detection and integrity evaluation of concrete structures
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Crack detection in concrete structures is crucial for ensuring structural safety and durability.Traditional crack detection methods,such as visual inspections,ultrasonic methods,and core sampling tests,have several limitations,including low efficiency,limited accuracy,and inducing damage to the structure itself.Therefore,a reliable and nondestructive technique that can detect internal cracks quickly and accurately,as well as preserve structural integrity,must be urgently developed.Ground penetrating radar(GPR),a nondestructive evaluation technique that employs high-frequency electromagnetic waves,has garnered attention for its potential to overcome these limitations.However,the practical application and effectiveness of GPR in complex engineering environments,particularly for crack characterization and structural integrity evaluation,have not been sufficiently studied.Therein,the capability and practicality of GPR technology for detecting hidden cracks within concrete structures,assessing crack characteristics,and evaluating structural integrity under actual engineering conditions are investigated.[Methods]Systematic nondestructive testing was performed using the SIR-4000 radar system equipped with a high-frequency 2700-MHz antenna.Radar tests were conducted on concrete walls and the floor of an actual basement construction site,involving complex site conditions with moisture influence and structural load variations.A precise grid-based scanning technique was employed for comprehensive coverage,with closely spaced scanning lines at 1-cm intervals for detailed spatial resolution.Data collection involved horizontal slicing techniques,which generated high-resolution images for detailed internal analysis of the concrete structures.Raw radar data were subjected to several processing stages such as time-zero correction,noise filtering,gain compensation,and migration to enhance target detection and visualization clarity.Radar wave propagation velocity was calibrated onsite by correlating known structural thickness with corresponding radar reflections for accurate depth estimation and structural characterization.[Results]Results demonstrated the enhanced capability of GPR technology in identifying and characterizing cracks in concrete structures.It clearly identified a vertically oriented,penetrating crack and provided evidence of moisture infiltration in the first tested wall,suggesting potential structural risks.It detected even subtle nonpenetrating cracks on the second wall,indicating its high sensitivity and resolution.However,no substantial cracks were detected on the floor within the examined depth range,demonstrating a high level of structural integrity and confirming the heterogeneity of crack occurrence within different structural components.By analyzing radar reflection amplitudes,the depth and width of detected cracks,as well as their internal moisture conditions,were effectively characterized.Crack depth ranged primarily within the superficial concrete layers and did not generally exceed the reinforcing steel depth,indicating that the structural integrity of deeper,load-bearing zones remained uncompromised.Furthermore,the radar data provided clear differentiation between moisture-filled cracks and dry,narrow cracks-an insight often overlooked by conventional inspection methods.[Conclusions]GPR technology is highly effective for the rapid,nondestructive detection and comprehensive evaluation of cracks within concrete structures,even under challenging field conditions.It accurately detected cracks invisible to the naked eye and characterized their depth,width,and internal moisture presence,thereby providing critical information for structural maintenance decisions.It proved advantageous because it could quickly scan large areas,deliver detailed three-dimensional insights into internal structural conditions,and considerably reduce inspection time and cost compared with traditional destructive methods.This study highlighted the importance of accurate onsite calibration of radar wave velocity to ensure reliable results.The findings implied that integrating GPR technology into regular construction quality assessments and structural health monitoring programs can enhance the overall construction quality control,reduce long-term maintenance costs,and extend the lifespan of concrete structures.These practical insights and results highlight the strong potential of GPR technology as a fundamental tool for nondestructive testing in civil engineering practices.关键词
探地雷达/混凝土结构/裂缝检测/无损检测/数据分析Key words
ground penetrating radar/concrete structures/crack detection/nondestructive testing/data analysis分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
张晓磊,安明远,易溪,颜文武,陈思奇,蒋汇鹏..探地雷达技术在混凝土结构裂缝检测与完整性评价中的应用[J].实验技术与管理,2025,42(9):71-82,12.基金项目
上海市教委人工智能促进科研范式改革赋能学科跃升计划(kz0023020250157) （kz0023020250157）
中国施工企业企业协会面上研发项目(ZSQX-KYLX-2024-C-003) （ZSQX-KYLX-2024-C-003）
中国建筑第五工程局有限公司青年课题(cscec5b-2024-Q-05) （cscec5b-2024-Q-05）
上海市青年科技启明星项目资助(24QB2705300) （24QB2705300）
同济大学校内场景验证项目(kh0023020242373) （kh0023020242373）
上海市科委科技创新行动计划空天海洋科技领域项目(24DZ3100400) （24DZ3100400）
