西北农业学报2025，Vol.34Issue(10)：1769-1780,12.DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2025.10.001
缓释氮肥和尿素配施对陕西关中地区冬小麦生长与产量的影响
Effects of Combined Application of Slow-Release Nitrogen Fertilizers and Urea on Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat in Guanzhong Region of Shaanxi
摘要
Abstract
To investigate the optimal ratio of combined slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and urea suit-able formeeting the growth and nutrient requirements of winter wheat in the Guanzhong region,a field experiment was conducted in local winter wheat fields.Four nitrogen fertilizer treatments were set up:30％urea+70％slow-release nitrogen fertilizer(U3C7),50％urea+50％slow-release nitrogen fer-tilizer(U5C5),70％urea+30％slow-release nitrogen fertilizer(U7C3),and 100％urea(U),with no nitrogen fertilizer treatment as the control(N0).The effects of different combined application of different slow-release nitrogen fertilizers and urea on dry matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation and distribution,photosynthetic characteristics,grain filling,yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat were investigated.The results showed that,compared with U,the combined application in-creased dry matter and nitrogen accumulation during the flowering and maturity stages.It also promo-ted the nitrogen translocation before flowering and nitrogen accumulation in leaves after flowering.In addition,the combined application increased the SPAD values and net photosynthetic rates of flag leav-es after flowering,and increased the final grain weights of strong and weak grains in winter wheat.Among all treatments,the U3C7 showed the most significant effect,increasing the final grain weights of strong and weak grains by 5.98％—6.61％and 6.59％—9.25％,respectively,compared with other treatments.The combined application of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and urea had a positive effect on the yield,grain quality,and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat.Compared with U,the combined application of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and urea increased winter wheat yield,grain protein and wet glute contents,nitrogen use efficiency,nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer partial fac-tor productivity.The positive effect of combined application of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and urea on the yield of winter wheat increased with the increase of the proportion of slow-release nitrogen fer-tilizer.The yield-improving effect of combined application increased with the proportion of slow-re-lease nitrogen fertilizer.Specifically,U3C7 increased yield by 13.41％—15.19％compared to other treatments.In conclusion,U3C7(30％urea+70％slow-release nitrogen fertilizer)is superior to oth-er treatments in terms of the growth and productivity of winter wheat.It is the optimal ratio of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and urea for high yield and efficiency identified under the conditions of this experiment,and it is a suitable fertilization pattern in the Guanzhong region.关键词
关中地区/冬小麦/缓释氮肥和尿素配施/籽粒灌浆/产量/氮素利用效率Key words
Guanzhong region of Shaanxi/Winter wheat/Combined application of slow-release nitro-gen fertilizer and urea/Grain filling/Yield/Nitrogen use efficiency引用本文复制引用
李淼,李国瑞,贺飞扬,卢志强,沈鹏飞,孟雨晴,宋月珊,庞亚茹,温晓霞..缓释氮肥和尿素配施对陕西关中地区冬小麦生长与产量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2025,34(10):1769-1780,12.基金项目
国家重点基础研究发展计划(2021YFD1901102-6). The Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFD1901102-6). （2021YFD1901102-6）
