中国农业科学2025，Vol.58Issue(18)：3616-3631,16.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.18.004
双镇压精量匀播与氮肥用量对小麦群体结构、籽粒产量及经济效益的影响
Effects of Double-Pressing Precision Uniform Sowing and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates on Population Structure,Grain Yield,and Economic Benefit of Wheat
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]The effects of double-pressing precision uniform sowing and nitrogen(N)fertilizer interaction on wheat population construction,dry matter accumulation characteristics,and yield formation were explored,in order to provide the theoretical basis and technical support for high-yield cultivation of wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai wheat region.[Method]The two-factor split plot experiment was conducted in Jiyang,Shandong Province from 2021 to 2024.The conventional string sowing(S1)and double-pressing precision uniform sowing(S2)were assigned to the main plots,and the N fertilizer application rates of 0,120,180 and 240 kg N·hm-2(N0,N150,N210,N240)were assigned to the subplots.The field emergence rate,tillering characteristics per plant,population dynamics,dry matter accumulation and transport,grain yield,and economic benefits of wheat under the interaction of sowing method and N application rates were systematically tested.[Result]Compared with S1,S2 could increase the field emergence rate of wheat and enhance the tillering ability of per plant.Under the same N fertilizer application rates,the 3-year average number of tillers at seedling,wintering,jointing,and anthesis under S2 was significantly increased by 5.7%,24.7%,13.1%and 18.0%,respectively,and the tiller formation spikes ratio at maturity was increased by 5.5%-7.6%.Combined with N210 or N270,S2 significantly improved the aboveground dry matter accumulation at jointing,anthesis,and maturity by optimizing the aboveground dry matter accumulation rate at each growth stage,and under the same N fertilizer application rates,S2 significantly increased by 10.5%,9.9%and 13.3%compared with S1,respectively.The translocation amount of dry matter pre-anthesis,dry matter accumulation amounts post-anthesis,and contribution rate of dry matter accumulation amount to yield post-anthesis under the two sowing methods reached a high level under N210 and N270 treatments,and S2 was significantly higher than S1,while the 3-year average increased by 7.0%-8.6%,18.5%-27.1%and 3.5%-5.3%,respectively.The response of the harvest index to the N fertilizer application rates was different between different sowing methods.Under the S1 and S2 sowing methods,the maximum values were reached under N150 and N210 treatments for three years,and 3-year average were 2.6%-15.0%and 1.5%-16.8%higher than the other treatments,respectively,and the S2 was higher than S1 under the same N fertilizer rates.For three years,the grain yield and economic benefit of S2 were higher than those of S1 under N150,N210,and N270,and 3-year average were significantly increased by 7.6%,9.2%,16.1%and 12.5%,14.0%,23.1%,respectively;meantime the combination of S2 with N210 or N270 could achieve simultaneous improvement of grain yield and economic benefit.[Conclusion]Under nitrogen-saving principles,double-pressing precision uniform sowing combined with 210 kg N·hm-2 fertilizer application rates improved sowing conditions,increased wheat field emergence rate,optimized population spatial distribution,and synergistically improved wheat yield and economic benefits,which provided the technical support for high-yield cultivation of wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai wheat region.关键词
小麦/双镇压/精量匀播/氮肥/干物质积累量/产量Key words
wheat/double-pressing/precision uniform sowing/nitrogen fertilizer/aboveground dry matter/yield引用本文复制引用
赵凯男,张宾,王法宏,李升东,赵辛浩,姜宗昊,彭科研,吕鹏,王宗帅,李华伟,冯波,司纪升..双镇压精量匀播与氮肥用量对小麦群体结构、籽粒产量及经济效益的影响[J].中国农业科学,2025,58(18):3616-3631,16.基金项目
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-03-22)、山东省农业重大技术协同推广计划(SDNYXTTG-2024-33) （CARS-03-22）
