中国农业科学2025，Vol.58Issue(18)：3690-3709,20.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.18.009
不同类型肥料及氮素水平对弱筋小麦氮素利用、产量及品质的影响
Effects of Different Types of Fertilizers and Nitrogen Levels on Nitrogen Utilization,Yield and Quality of Weak Gluten Wheat
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]This research investigated the effects of different types of fertilizers on the field traits,nitrogen absorption and utilization,yield,yield components,and processing quality of weak-gluten wheat following rice cultivation in the Jiang-Huai region.The goal was to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of optimal fertilizer types and regulation of application rates for achieving high yield and quality of weak-gluten wheat in this region.[Method]The two weak-gluten wheat varieties,including Yangmai 20(YM20)and Baihumai 1(BHM1),were used as experimental materials.The experiment was set three nitrogen levels:150 kg·hm-2(N10),180 kg·hm-2(N12),and 210 kg·hm-2(N14),with an additional nitrogen-free treatment(N0)to calculate nitrogen efficiency.Four types of fertilizers were applied:compound fertilizer+urea(F1),slow-release mixed fertilizer(F2),controlled-release fertilizer(F3),and wheat formula fertilizer(F4).The effects of different treatments on wheat population dynamics,nitrogen utilization,yield,and quality were analyzed.[Result]As nitrogen application levels increased,the yield and quality indicators of weak-gluten wheat improved.The one-time basal application of slow-release mixed fertilizer,controlled-release fertilizer,and wheat formula fertilizer significantly increased the SPAD value of the flag leaf after anthesis and the number of spikes at maturity.Compared with the compound fertilizer+urea treatment,the nitrogen accumulation in the above-ground parts under slow-release mixed fertilizer,controlled-release fertilizer,and wheat formula fertilizer was increased by 5.0%-12.8%,0.8%-6.2%,and 9.9%-17.2%,respectively;the nitrogen utilization efficiency increased by 10.3%-26.9%,4.3%-16.5%,and 22.1%-39.8%,respectively;during anthesis,the activities of nitrate reductase(NR)in the flag leaf increased by 2.6%-8.8%,-2.9%-1.5%,and 5.1%-12.8%;glutamine synthetase(GS)activity increased by 9.0%-23.8%,2.0%-8.9%,and 11.8%-28.7%;and glutamate synthase(GOGAT)activity increased by 3.9%-18.4%,0.8%-8.9%,and 7.7%-24.0%;yield increased by 5.0%-11.5%,1.8%-7.6%,and 9.7%-18.4%,respectively.At nitrogen levels of 180 and 210 kg·hm-2,slow-release mixed fertilizer,controlled-release fertilizer,and wheat formula fertilizer all resulted in varying degrees of yield improvement compared with the compound fertilizer+urea treatment.At the same nitrogen levels,slow-release mixed fertilizer and controlled-release fertilizer significantly reduced grain protein content,wet gluten content,grain hardness,and solvent retention capacity compared with the compound fertilizer+urea treatment.They also reduced dough formation time and stability time,lowered water absorption rate,and the farinograph quality number.These treatments also enhanced the dough rheological properties and weakened the gluten strength.[Conclusion]For weak-gluten wheat cultivation following rice in the Jiang-Huai region,it was recommended to control the nitrogen level at 180-210 kg·hm-2.A one-time basal application of slow-release mixed fertilizer could ensure both high quality and high yield of weak-gluten wheat.关键词
弱筋小麦/缓释掺混肥/复合肥/控失肥/配方肥/产量/氮肥利用率/加工品质/流变学特性Key words
weak gluten wheat/slow-release mixed fertilizer/compound fertilizer/controlled-release fertilizer/wheat formula fertilizer/yield/nitrogen utilization/processing quality/rheological properties引用本文复制引用
李子洪,张文静,赵佳雯,欧星雨,李旭华,丁小飞,王伊朗,黄正来,马尚宇,樊永惠..不同类型肥料及氮素水平对弱筋小麦氮素利用、产量及品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2025,58(18):3690-3709,20.基金项目
安徽省高等学校科学研究重大项目(2023AH040133)、安徽省科技特派团项目(23231005)、国家重点研发计划(2022YFD230140405、2023YFD230020203) （2023AH040133）
