中国农业科学2025，Vol.58Issue(19)：3919-3931,13.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.19.009
施氮对不同轮作模式下油菜和小麦根际土壤中有机氮矿化功能基因的影响
Effect of Nitrogen Application on Organic Nitrogen Mineralization Functional Genes in Rapeseed and Wheat Rhizosphere Soils Under Different Rotation Patterns
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Soil nitrogen transformation was affected by microbial activities and modulated by crop types and fertilization practices.Understanding the effect of nitrogen application on the abundance of functional genes involved in organic nitrogen mineralization in the rhizosphere of winter crops under rice-oilseed and rice-wheat rotations,enhanced our understanding of the organic nitrogen mineralization process across different cropping systems and nitrogen fertilization regimes.[Method]A localized field experiment was conducted to collect rhizosphere soils from rapeseed and wheat in the seventh year of rice-rapeseed and rice-wheat rotation systems,under both nitrogen application and no nitrogen treatments.This analysis focused on differences in organic matter fractions and nitrogen availability.Furthermore,metagenomic sequencing was employed to analyze the abundance of functional genes mediating organic nitrogen mineralization in the rhizosphere soil.[Result]The results indicate that,compared to the no nitrogen treatment,nitrogen addition significantly increased the concentrations of potential mineralizable nitrogen(PMN),soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),dissolved organic carbon/nitrogen(DOC,DON),particulate organic carbon/nitrogen(POC,PON),and mineral-associated organic carbon/nitrogen(MAOC,MAON)in rhizosphere soil.Under identical fertilization treatments,no significant differences were observed in the organic matter fractions and nitrogen availability between the rapeseed and wheat rhizosphere soils in the rice-oilseed and rice-wheat rotation systems.Compared to the no nitrogen treatment,nitrogen application reduced the abundance of functional genes encoding protease(K14645),chitinase(K01183),urease(K01429,K01430),and arginase(K01476),while increasing the abundance of functional genes encoding glutamate dehydrogenase(K00260).In the nitrogen application treatment,the abundance of functional genes encoding protease and arginase in rapeseed rhizosphere soil within the rice-oilseed rotation system was significantly higher than that in wheat rhizosphere soil within the rice-wheat rotation system.Microorganisms involved in organic nitrogen mineralization functional genes predominantly belonged to the phyla Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria,and Chloroflexi.Nitrogen addition significantly influenced the microbial community structure of protease-encoding functional genes in rhizosphere soil,whereas no significant differences were observed in the microbial community structure of organic nitrogen mineralization functional genes between rapeseed and wheat rhizosphere soils in the rice-oilseed and rice-wheat rotation systems.PMN and SOC in rhizosphere soil were identified as the primary drivers influencing the abundance of organic nitrogen mineralization functional genes and the structure of the microbial community.The abundance of functional genes encoding protease and arginase exhibited a significant negative correlation with PMN and SOC.[Conclusion]The results of this study demonstrate that both crop species and nitrogen application under different crop rotation systems can significantly influence the abundance of functional genes involved in organic nitrogen mineralization in rhizosphere soil,while also identifying the primary factors driving the abundance of these genes in rhizosphere soil.关键词
施氮/稻油轮作/稻麦轮作/根际土壤/有机质组分/矿化功能基因/宏基因组Key words
nitrogen application/rice-rapeseed rotation/rice-wheat rotation/rhizosphere soil/organic matter components/mineralization functional genes/metagenomics引用本文复制引用
赵剑,任涛,方娅婷,杨昕,盛倩男,李小坤,朱俊,鲁剑巍..施氮对不同轮作模式下油菜和小麦根际土壤中有机氮矿化功能基因的影响[J].中国农业科学,2025,58(19):3919-3931,13.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(32372817) （32372817）
