辐射研究与辐射工艺学报2025，Vol.43Issue(5)：12-30,19.DOI:10.11889/j.1000-3436.2025-0042
核设施用陶瓷与合金中子吸收材料研究进展
Research progress in ceramic and alloy neutron absorbers for nuclear facilities
摘要
Abstract
With the advancement of nuclear engineering applications,increasingly stringent requirements have been imposed on the performance of neutron-absorbing materials.This article systematically reviews recent research progress in neutron-absorbing materials for nuclear facilities,with a focus on the design,performance optimization,and engineering applications of boron-containing metal-matrix composites(MMCs)and ceramic-matrix composites(CMCs),while briefly introducing other neutron absorbers.Boron-containing metallic materials,such as boron steels and boron-aluminum alloys,exhibit favorable processability and mechanical strength but suffer from challenges including boron segregation and irradiation-induced embrittlement.These limitations can be significantly mitigated through microalloying and optimized thermo-mechanical processing.In contrast,ceramic-based materials,particularly boron carbide(B4C),demonstrate exceptional neutron absorption capacity and thermal stability.However,their intrinsic brittleness and irradiation-induced amorphization necessitate strategies such as incorporating a toughening phase and engineering interfaces.Additionally,novel design of materials,including high-entropy alloys,offer promising pathways for enhancing irradiation resistance and multifunctional integration.Despite these advances,critical challenges persist,including the efficiency of fast neutron absorption,mechanical properties,long-term irradiation stability,and the development of precision manufacturing techniques.Future research directions encompass the optimization of multicomponent composite systems,artificial intelligence-assisted material design,and the integration of advanced fabrication technologies.This review aims to provide theoretical insights for the safe and efficient utilization of nuclear energy while fostering continued innovation in neutron-absorbing material technologies.关键词
中子吸收材料/核辐射防护/硼基材料/材料改性/工程应用Key words
Neutron-absorbing materials/Nuclear radiation shielding/Boron-based materials/Material modification/Engineering applications分类
能源科技引用本文复制引用
毛志臣,陈磊,徐晓..核设施用陶瓷与合金中子吸收材料研究进展[J].辐射研究与辐射工艺学报,2025,43(5):12-30,19.基金项目
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金,地区培育项目(2023A1515140032) Supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515140032) （2023A1515140032）
