沙漠与绿洲气象2025，Vol.19Issue(5)：18-25,8.DOI:10.12057/j.issn.2097-6801.2504.30198
沙漠尘卷风与沙尘天气形成的气象条件对比分析
Comparative Analysis of Meteorological Conditions for the Formation of Desert Dust Devils and Dust Weather Events
摘要
Abstract
The study is based on meteorological observations and intensive field experiments conducted at the northern margin of the Taklamakan Desert from 1992 to 2024.It reveals the heterogeneous evolution of dust devils and dust weather events,as well as the underlying thermodynamic-dynamic coupling mechanisms.The number of dust devil occurrences peaked in 1994 at 104 days and then showed a fluctuating downward trend,decreasing to 55 days by 2020.Meanwhile,the frequency of dusty weather events has also significantly decreased due to the implementation of ecological restoration measures,with the number of dust storms decreasing to 20 days by 2024.Monthly,dust devils exhibited a unimodal summer pattern(peaking in July),driven by thermal thresholds(temperature difference between the surface and 2 meters above the ground≥20℃,wind speed 3.0-3.5 m/s,and humidity<25%);dusty weather events showed a bimodal spring distribution(March-May),dependent on the dynamic thresholds(wind speed≥8 m/s,humidity<35%).During the transitional period(May-June),enhanced thermal conditions increased dust devil days to 11 while reducing dust storm days to 8,reflecting spatiotemporal competition.Regression models indicate that dust devils are synergistically driven by temperature difference(an increase of 1℃elevates frequency by 0.86 times,R2=0.82)and wind speed(+1 m/s increases frequency by 1.32 times),with low humidity(≤25%,22 days)and low pressure(898.6 hPa)as facilitators.Dusty weather events are dominated by wind speed(≥8 m/s,22.12 days,R2=0.78),enhanced by low humidity(≤20%:20.24 days).Mechanistically,dust devils arise from small-scale thermal convection,while dusty weather events are governed by large-scale dynamic transport.关键词
塔克拉玛干沙漠/尘卷风/沙尘天气/形成机制差异/热力-动力耦合Key words
Taklimakan Desert/dust devils/dusty weather/differences in formation mechanisms/thermodynamic-dynamic coupling分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
马明杰,郑先念,巩庆,杨兴华,杨帆,霍文,周成龙..沙漠尘卷风与沙尘天气形成的气象条件对比分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2025,19(5):18-25,8.基金项目
新疆维吾尔自治区青年基金(2022D01B233) （2022D01B233）
"天山英才"培养计划-科技创新团队项目(2022TSYCTD0007) （2022TSYCTD0007）
中国气象局青年创新团队项目(CMA2024QN13) （CMA2024QN13）
国家自然科学基金联合基金(U2242209) （U2242209）
中国博士后基金项目(2022MD723851) （2022MD723851）
