浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）2025，Vol.51Issue(5)：699-709,11.DOI:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2025.08.141
牛胚胎基因组激活研究进展
Research progress in bovine embryonic genome activation
摘要
Abstract
Low reproductive efficiency significantly limits production efficiency and genetic improvement in both dairy and beef cattle.Statistical data show that early embryonic mortality rates reach 30%-60%,with failed embryonic genome activation(EGA)being one of the key contributing factors.EGA represents the critical event of oocyte-to-embryonic transition(OET),during which the embryonic genome takes control of developmental regulation.This process is essential for blastocyst formation.This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of EGA during early bovine embryonic development.In terms of time,bovine EGA occurs within a species-specific window(8-to 16-cell stage),notably later than in mice(1-to 2-cell stage)and humans(4-to 8-cell stage).At the molecular level,first,the timely degradation of maternal factors(such as transcriptional repressor proteins)is required for EGA initiation.Their abnormal retention causes developmental arrest of embryo at the 8-to 16-cell stage in cattle.Second,key transcription factors[ZSCAN4(zinc finger and SCAN domain-containing 4)and DUXA(double homeobox A)]in early bovine embryos regulate the access of RNA polymerase Ⅱ(RNA Pol Ⅱ)to specific promoter regions,thereby promoting EGA gene expression.Meanwhile,chromatin structure(including dynamic histone modifications and chromatin remodeling complex regulation)significantly enhances genome accessibility,facilitating embryonic gene transcription.Understanding these mechanisms provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing bovine in vitro embryo production systems and improving cattle production and genetic improvement efficiency.关键词
牛/早期胚胎发育/胚胎基因组激活/转录因子/染色质Key words
cattle/early embryo development/embryonic genome activation/transcription factor/chromatin分类
生物科学引用本文复制引用
顾洋,张坤..牛胚胎基因组激活研究进展[J].浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）,2025,51(5):699-709,11.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1300501) （2023YFD1300501）
国家自然科学基金项目(32472902). （32472902）
