摘要
Abstract
Urbanization has brought profound changes to natural spaces,and birds are one of the animal groups affected by it.To investigate whether bird communities in urban parks of Nyingchi and Lhasa in Xizang exhibit nested distribution patterns,and to analyze the potential influencing factors,this study collected 120 birdwatching reports uploaded by 49 birdwatchers between 2021 and 2023 to the China Bird Report Center(http://www.birdreport.cn),cov-ering 14 urban parks each in Nyingchi and Lhasa.Using the NODF(nestedness based on overlap and decreasing fill)met-ric,taxonomic nestedness patterns were calculated for all birds,forest birds,and waterbirds in urban parks of both cities.Simultaneously,Spearman partial correlation analysis was employed to assess the relationships among nestedness ranks,park characteristics(such as area and isolation),and species traits(e.g.,trophic level).Then the treeNODF metric was used to quantify functional(traitNODF)and phylogenetic(phyloNODF)nestedness patterns.Using the"treeNodfTest"function and"permRows"null model,the effects of park characteristics were tested on functional and phylogenetic nested-ness patterns across bird assemblages.We detected significant taxonomic,functional,or phylogenetic nestedness patterns in all bird and forest bird assemblages of Nyingchi and Lhasa(excluding waterbird assemblages).The taxonomic nested-ness of all bird and forest bird assemblages of Nyingchi was significantly related to species traits associated with selective extinction,such as trophic level,and their habitats also were significantly nested.The functional and phylogenetic nested-ness of all bird assemblages was primarily determined by park isolation.The functional and phylogenetic nestedness of all bird and forest bird assemblages of Lhasa was significantly correlated with park area.This study suggests that,to better conserve urban bird diversity in high-altitude regions,conservation efforts in Nyingchi should prioritize carnivorous bird species and parks with lower isolation,while in Lhasa,larger parks should be prioritized.Based on these findings,it is recommended that when designing new urban parks,in addition to increasing habitat diversity,the habitat requirements of different bird groups should be comprehensively considered to enhance bird community conservation.关键词
鸟类/物种嵌套/功能嵌套/谱系嵌套/选择性灭绝/选择性迁移/城市公园Key words
birds/taxonomic nestedness/functional nestedness/phylogenetic nestedness/selective extinction/se-lective migration/urban park分类
生物科学
