小黑麦及其近缘种花序及穗部特征差异OA北大核心

The morphological characteristics of the inflorescence and spike are important criteria for plant classification,population differentiation,and germplasm resource identification.These characteristics also directly affect the reproductive efficiency and genetic dissemination patterns of plants.Triticale,a new species derived from the distant hybridization between wheat and rye,exhibits distinct differences in inflorescence and spike features compared with its progenitor species,wheat and rye.These differences provide taxonomic evidence for the establishment of triticale as an independent genus.This study aimed to examine in detail the differences in inflorescence and spike characteristics among triticale,wheat,and rye,to provide a taxonomic basis for the establishment of triticale as a separate genus.We compared 10 varieties(lines)of triticale,10 of wheat,and 10 of rye.Their inflorescence and spike traits were observed and quantified,the differences among them were evaluated by principal component analysis and cluster analysis,and the results were validated by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA).The results show that the inflorescence length of triticale was greater than that of rye,and its width was greater than that of both wheat and rye.Additionally,the number of florets at the base spikelet was significantly higher in triticale than in wheat and rye(P<0.05).The lemma length of the upper and lower glumes,as well as the awn length,lemma length,and palea length of the first and second florets,were all significantly greater in triticale than in wheat and rye.Although triticale had fewer spikelets than rye,it had more florets per spikelet and heavier grains,resulting in a higher thousand-grain weight under the same environmental conditions.These comprehensive analyses indicate that the inflorescence and spike characteristics of triticale are significantly different from those of wheat and rye,allowing for effective differentiation among the three.The inflorescence length,inflorescence width,grain thickness,and grain width can be used as the main morphological characteristics to distinguish triticale from wheat and rye.The results of the OPLS-DA validated these findings.In summary,the inflorescence and spike characteristics can effectively differentiate triticale from wheat and rye.These findings provide a fundamental basis for the establishment of Triticale as a taxonomic genus.