干旱地区农业研究2025，Vol.43Issue(5)：97-108,12.DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.05.10
有机无机肥配施对黄土高原旱地春小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响
Effects of organic-inorganic fertilizer combination on yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat in dryland of the Loess Plateau
摘要
Abstract
A two-year field experiment(2023-2024)was conducted in the arid farming region of central Gan-su Province(Loess Plateau)to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of combined nitrogen-phosphorus(NP)fertilization and combined organic-inorganic fertilization on water use efficiency(WUEg)and yield of spring wheat.Eight treatments were implemented:unfertilized control(CK),sole chemical fertilizers(P,N,and NP),sole organic fertilizer(M),and combined organic-inorganic fertilizers(MP,MN,and MNP).Key parameters,in-cluding wheat transpiration consumption(Tc),evapotranspiration(ETc),grain filling rate,grain yield,and WUEg,were evaluated.The results showed that,compared to chemical fertilizer treatments(P,NP),the com-bined organic-inorganic treatments(MP,MNP)significantly increased Tcduring the seedling stage by 47.3％and 56.7％,respectively.Comparedto P and N treatments,MP and MN significantly enhanced Tc during the flowering stage by 116.2％～122.6％,concurrently increasing the proportion of water consumption at the flowering stage(Tc/ETc)by 22.2％～25.2％.Compared to CK,chemical NP fertilizer treatments increased grain yield and WUEgby 28.6％～80.2％and 30.4％～100％,respectively,with NP treatment achieving the highest values.Combined organic-inorganic fertilization further increased grain yield and WUEg by 15.4％～32.3％and 6.5％～37.5％,respectively,compared to sole chemical fertilizer treatments,with MNP exhibiting the greatest improvement.Random Forest anal-ysis revealed that the yield and WUEg enhancement under combined fertilization primarily resulted from a significant increase(67.7％～166.7％)in stage-specific water use efficiency during the grain-filling period;elevated post-anthesis dry matter accumulation(61.3％～89.8％)and its contribution to grain yield(23.2％～37.2％);an increased number of inferior grains(20.5％～43.8％);and improved grain filling rate(7.4％～58.3％)and yield(4.6％～80.5％)of inferior grains.In conclusion,combined organic-inorganic fertilization,particularly the MNP treatment,enhances grain yield and WUEg in dryland spring wheat by promoting"soil water-crop water"conversion,increasing dry matter accumulation,and improving the filling and yield of inferior grains.Therefore,the MNP fertilization strategy is recommended for optimizing both yield and water productivity in the arid farming regions of the central Loess Plateau.关键词
春小麦/有机无机肥配施/水分利用效率/产量/黄土高原Key words
spring wheat/organic-inorganic fertilizer combination application/water use efficiency/yield/Loess Plateau分类
农业科学引用本文复制引用
张科,陈晓丽,魏文龙,李世清,罗珠珠,王林林..有机无机肥配施对黄土高原旱地春小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,43(5):97-108,12.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(42167008) （42167008）
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1900403) （2023YFD1900403）
