干旱地区农业研究2025，Vol.43Issue(5)：212-223,12.DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.05.21
明沟和暗管排水控盐效果及暗管失效后返盐规律研究
Study on salt effect of drainage and salt control in open ditch and subsurface pipe drainage and regularity of salt return after failure of subsurface pipe
摘要
Abstract
A 12-year field experiment was conducted in the Xiayedi irrigation district of the Manas River Ba-sin,Xinjiang(2012-2023),to investigate the difference of long-term drainage and salt control between open ditch and subsurface pipe and the characteristics of soil salt spatial migration after subsurface pipe failure.A total of two drainage measures(ODD:open ditch drainage,open ditch bottom width 1 m+top width 3 m,ditch depth 2.2 m;SPD:subsurface pipe drainage,pipe diameter 70 mm,buried depth 2.2 m)were installed.The characteristics of drainage and salt discharge,soil salt transport,cotton biomass,and yield changes under open ditch and subsurface pipe drainage measures were studied.The results showed that,(1)The ODD treatment was normally drained from 2012 to 2023,while the SPD treatment stopped draining from 2020.During the co-drainage period from 2012 to 2019,the desalination rate of the 0～200 cm soil layer reached 79.1％and 72.0％for the ODD and SPD treat-ments,respectively.(2)In 2020-2023,the salinity in the 0～200 cm soil layer of the ODD treatment decreased by 28.3％on average compared to 2019.After the failure of the culvert drainage project,the salinity in the 0～80 cm soil layer decreased by 4.6％on average,while the salinity in the 80～200 cm soil layer increased by 14.3％,resulting in the phenomenon of"desalination in the upper layer and accumulation of salt in the lower layer".(3)In 2019,cotton biomass and yield under both drainage treatments reached the level of highly significant difference(P＜0.001)compared with 2012,in which the cotton yields under ODD and SPD treatments were 19.07 times and 19.90 times that of 2012,respectively.During the period of 2020-2023,the dry matter mass of roots,stems,and leaves,the weight of 100 bolls,the number of effective bolls,and the yield in ODD treatment increased by 52.7％,53.4％,10.2％,83.1％,10.3％,and 40.6％,respectively,compared with those of SPD.The response characteris-tics of soil salt distribution and cotton growth to different drainage measures showed that both ODD and SPD treat-ments could effectively remove excess water in soil,accelerate the process of soil salt leaching,and improve the soil water and salt status in the irrigation area,but the effect of ODD treatment on drainage and salt control was more outstanding.关键词
明沟排水/暗管排水/土壤盐分/棉花产量/新疆玛纳斯流域灌区Key words
open-ditch drainage/subsurface pipes drainage/soil salinity/cotton yield/Manas River Basin ir-rigation district in Xinjiang分类
农业工程引用本文复制引用
冶福海,刘洪光,汤骅,李玲,龚萍,李鹏飞..明沟和暗管排水控盐效果及暗管失效后返盐规律研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,43(5):212-223,12.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(52069026) （52069026）
新疆生产建设兵团财政科技计划项目(2023AB073) （2023AB073）
