果树学报2025，Vol.42Issue(10)：2491-2494,4.DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20250193
枇杷新品种永溪的选育
Breeding report of a new loquat variety Yongxi
摘要
Abstract
Yongxi is a late-ripening loquat variety characterized by its crack resistance and low-tempera-ture tolerance.The single plant originated from a seedling of the Xishangbaisha,a local variety from Zhejiang Province.In 2005,during an investigation on loquat germplasm resources,a research group discovered an exceptional individual plant with superior quality in Xishang Village,Huangyan,Zheji-ang Province.Through years of continuous observation,high-grafting identification experiments,vari-ety comparison experiments,and regional cultivation trials,this single plant demonstrated strong cold resistance,crack resistance,and stable genetic traits.It was officially authorized as a new plant cultivar by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on September 18,2024,and was named Yongxi,with variety rights number CNA20211001290.Yongxi loquat is a semi-upright tree with a semicircular crown and vigorous growth.Its leaves are medium-sized,lanceolate,dark green,and covered with nu-merous hairs on the lower epidermis.The leaf blade margin is shallowly serrated,and the base is nar-rowly wedge-shaped.In central Zhejiang,Yongxi typically produces three shoots annually:spring shoots,summer shoots,and autumn shoots;in some years,late autumn shoots also occur.The flowering period extends from October to early February,with full bloom generally lasting from early November to early January.The inflorescence is conical,averaging 11.4 cm in length and 9.2 cm in width,with an average of 80 to 90 flowers and numerous stamens.The fruit matures in late May,approximately seven days later than its parent Xishangbaisha.The fruit has a nearly round shape,with an average weight of about 38.1 g per fruit.Its surface is orange-yellow,occasionally marked by rust spots.The flesh is yel-low-white,tender,free of flesh dregs,juicy,and flavorful,contributing to its excellent quality.The solu-ble solids content is 14.1％,while the titratable acid content is 0.37％.Additionally,the vitamin C con-tent measures 13.5 mg·g-1,with an average of three seeds per fruit and an edible rate of 72.1％.Yongxi variety demonstrates frost resistance and is less prone to fruit cracking.Compared to the primary culti-var,Ruantiaobaisha,Yongxi shows significantly improved cold resistance.When it is exposed to tem-peratures below-3℃ for 48 hours,the embryo freezing rate of Yongxi remains below 30％,whereas that of Ruantiaobaisha exceeds 90％.Yongxi loquat can preserve its desirable traits through grafting,with a preference for common loquat as the rootstock.Trees typically begin bearing fruit in the second year after grafting,with a high yield period and a high commercial fruit rate starting in the fourth year.The recommended planting density is approximately 1110 plants per hectare,with a planting spacing of 3.0 m × 3.5 m.A leader-layered tree structure is advisable,with a height limit of 3 meters.Orchards should be established in flat or mountainous regions with an average annual temperature exceeding 15℃ and a minimum temperature not lower than-8℃,preferably in sandy soil.Suitable cultivation ar-eas include Zhejiang Province,Jiangsu Province,and adjacent subtropical regions known for loquat pro-duction.关键词
枇杷/新品种/永溪/抗逆Key words
Loquat/New variety/Yongxi/Stress-resistance分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
颜帮国,王引,倪海枝,陈方永..枇杷新品种永溪的选育[J].果树学报,2025,42(10):2491-2494,4.基金项目
浙江省基础公益研究计划项目(LTGN24C150002) （LTGN24C150002）
台州市科技局项目(22nya03) （22nya03）
