核化学与放射化学2025，Vol.47Issue(5)：483-502,20.DOI:10.7538/hhx.2025.47.05.0483
复杂低放废水中碘的深度净化技术研究进展
Research Progress on Deep Removal Technologies for Iodine in Complex Low-Level Radioactive Wastewater
摘要
Abstract
Radioactive iodine isotopes,particularly the long-lived 129I with its half-life of 15.7 million years and the highly radiotoxic,short-lived 131I(half-life 8.02 days),generated ubiquitously during nuclear fuel cycling and nuclear technology application,pose a serious threat to ecological environment and human health due to bioaccumulation in the thyroid gland.At present,most technological research and development predominantly focuse on the capture and immobilization of volatile gaseous iodine species(I2 and CH3I)using solid sorbent like silver-exchanged zeolites or covalent organic frameworks,while the efficient treatment of dissolved iodine anions(I-,IO3-)in complex low-level radioactive wastewater has not received sufficient attention.These radioactive iodine-containing wastewater is characterized by low concentrations,and the presence of high concentrations of competing anions like NO3-or SO42-.They may enter aquatic environments through accidental leaks during spent fuel reprocessing,nuclear accidents,or radiopharmaceutical production and use.Notably,with the rapid global development of nuclear medicine,especially thyroid cancer therapies and diagnostics,the demand for treating radioactive medical wastewater containing significant quantities of 131I has shown exponential growth.This review summarizes the latest advances in treatment technologies of dissolved iodine anions(I-)in complex low-level radioactive wastewater,such as chemical precipitation,adsorption/ion exchange,membrane separation,biological treatment,photocatalytic oxidation,and electrochemical methods.The mechanism and key performance parameters(including adsorption capacity,kinetics,selectivity,pH dependence,and regenerability)of each approach were systematically analyzed,and the advantages,disadvantages and applicable scenarios of each technology were compared and summarized.Among them,chemical precipitation employs agents such as Ag+or Cu+ions to form insoluble AgI or CuI compounds,but it is often disturbed by Cl-and Br-and generates secondary sludge,which requires complex disposal procedures.The materials utilized in adsorption or ion exchange include layered double hydroxides(LDHs),anion exchange resins,quaternary ammonium-functionalized fibers,or silver-based ionic composites,and have the advantages of rapid kinetics and high selectivity.Membrane separation such as reverse osmosis(RO)and nanofiltration(NF)has limited applicability for volatile iodine.Finally,from the perspective of emphasizing scalability,robustness and cost-effectiveness,the work proposes a continuous column separation process,coupled with advanced solid adsorbent materials(e.g.,optimized ion exchange materials)as a feasible approach for large-scale treatment of bulk radioactive iodine waste liquid.These materials have a high iodine affinity and excellent capture efficiency,which helps effectively reduce the volume of wastewater and generate a stable waste form for long-term disposal.The integrated strategy provides a feasible and efficient solution for the deployment of nuclear power plant wastewater treatment systems and centralized nuclear medical waste liquid treatment facilities.关键词
低放废水/放射性碘/深度净化/核医疗废水/吸附Key words
low-level radioactive wastewater/radioiodine/deep removal/nuclear medical wastewater/adsorption分类
核科学引用本文复制引用
朱秋红,任雪艳,张国浩,潘宁,汪萍,聂小琴..复杂低放废水中碘的深度净化技术研究进展[J].核化学与放射化学,2025,47(5):483-502,20.基金项目
四川省科技计划项目(2024YFCY0006,2025ZNSFSC0951,2025ZNSFSC0950) （2024YFCY0006,2025ZNSFSC0951,2025ZNSFSC0950）
成都市科技项目(2024-YF05-01130-SN) （2024-YF05-01130-SN）
西南科技大学博士基金(23ZX7149) （23ZX7149）
