空间科学学报2025，Vol.45Issue(5)：1163-1187,25.DOI:10.11728/cjss2025.05.2025-yg05
太阳高能粒子在行星际背景太阳风大尺度结构中的传播模拟进展
Progress in Simulations of Solar Energetic Particles Propagation in Large-scale Structures of Interplanetary Background Solar Wind
摘要
Abstract
This comprehensive review synthesizes pivotal advances in simulating Solar Energetic Parti-cle(SEP)propagation through large-scale solar wind structures,integrating three complementary methodologies:analytical Parker-like magnetic fields for steady-state backgrounds,data-driven frame-works assimilating multi-satellite observations(STEREO,WIND)to reconstruct 2D Stream Interaction Regions(SIRs),and 3D Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)simulations resolving tilted-dipole Corotating In-teraction Regions(CIRs)with about 35° inclinations.The work quantifies how solar wind topology gov-erns SEP dynamics,revealing that magnetic focusing dominates flux enhancements in compression zones by trapping particles in mirror-like structures,enabling multi-reflection acceleration without shocks and amplifying peak fluxes by up to 200%in simulated CIRs,while adiabatic cooling primarily drives flux decay in fast solar wind streams,with pitch-angle diffusion modulating intensity levels without altering temporal profiles.Critically,vertical diffusion reconciles multi-satellite discrepancies through cross-field transport,smoothing flux evolution as validated in the 2016 STA event(simulations matched observa-tions within 10%error when α=0.018～0.025),and CIR geometry—controlled by solar wind speed contrasts(ΔV>500 km·s-1 widening compression regions),dipole tilt angles optimizing latitudinal spread,and fast-stream widths modulating longitudinal confinement—dictates acceleration efficiency,where re-verse compressions accelerate 0.5～5 MeV protons twice as effectively as forward zones due to steeper magnetic gradients.Event validations confirm these mechanisms:STEREO-A's August 2016 CIR showed magnetic trapping explained 95%of flux rise,and STEREO-B's September 2007 anomalous proton en-hancement arose from shorter magnetic pathlengths to compression sources.Computationally,the frame-work synergizes focused transport equations with Stochastic Differential Equations(SDEs),where back-ward SDEs efficiently map observational points to source distributions and forward SDEs visualize sys-tem-wide transport,achieving a 100-fold acceleration over finite-difference methods.Future work targets transient structures(e.g.,embedding CME-driven shocks via EUHFORIA/iPATH coupling)and kinetic-scale turbulence,with next-phase efforts developing unified acceleration-transport models incorporating stochastic re-acceleration,leveraging Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter data to resolve magnetic is-lands/current sheets,and deploying machine learning to optimize background parameterization for real-time space weather forecasting.关键词
太阳高能粒子/三维磁流体力学模型/共转相互作用区/垂直扩散Key words
Solar Energetic Particle(SEP)/Three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics model/Co-rotating Interaction Region(CIR)/Vertical diffusion分类
地球科学引用本文复制引用
沈芳,连婉怡,陶新祎..太阳高能粒子在行星际背景太阳风大尺度结构中的传播模拟进展[J].空间科学学报,2025,45(5):1163-1187,25.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0503800,2021YFA0718600),国家自然科学基金项目(42330210)和中国科学院国家空间科学中心"攀登计划"项目共同资助 （2022YFF0503800,2021YFA0718600）
