林业科学2025，Vol.61Issue(10)：60-73,14.DOI:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250161
华北落叶松林和油松林地表可燃物特征、土壤理化性质及林下植物多样性对林间草地放牧的响应
Response of Surface Fuel Characteristics,Soil Physicochemical Properties,and Understory Plant Diversity to Forest Grassland Grazing in Larix gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii and Pinus tabuliformis Forests
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the effects of forest grassland grazing on surface fuel characteristics,potential surface fire behavior,soil physicochemical properties,and understory plant diversity in Larix gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii and Pinus tabuliformis forests,and to propose a grazing-based sustainable fire risk management strategy that provides a scientific pathway for fire risk prevention in forest management areas.[Method]This study focused on two typical coniferous forests in north China:mature stands(41-60 years old)of L.gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii and P.tabuliformis.Sample plots were established under ungrazed and moderate grazing conditions(3 cattle·hm-2),where surface fuel characteristics,soil physicochemical properties,and understory plant diversity were surveyed.Based on the 50th percentile(16 km∙h-1)and 97th percentile(27 km∙h-1)of wind speed during the fire season(2010-2023),simulations of surface fire spread rate,fireline intensity,and flame length were conducted using BehavePlus 6.0.One-way ANOVA was applied to evaluate the long-term impacts of grazing on soil physicochemical properties,and principal component analysis(PCA)was used to assess the comprehensive effects of grazing on surface fuel characteristics,potential surface fire behavior,and understory plant diversity,thereby exploring the feasibility of grazing as an ecological fuel management measure.[Result]1)Forest grassland grazing significantly reduced herb fuel load and surface fuelbed depth in both forest types by 72.09%-75.22%and 79.07%-89.74%,respectively,while enhancing herb layer species diversity,with the Shannon-Wiener index increasing by 12.42%-42.67%and the Simpson index by 11.11%-33.33%.Grazing decreased total soil phosphorus by 21.74%in L.gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii forests and total soil potassium by 2.91%in P.tabuliformis forests;2)Fire behavior simulations demonstrated that under extreme wind speeds(27 km∙h-1),grazing maintained fireline intensity below 500 kW∙m-1 and reduced flame length from 3-4 m to less than 1.5 m;3)PCA results revealed that grazing treatments achieved the highest comprehensive scores for both forest types.In L.gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii forests,grazing balanced wildfire risk reduction with ecological resilience,whereas in P.tabuliformis forests,combining grazing with the introduction of highly fire-resistant herbaceous species may better harmonize fire risk control with understory plant diversity conservation.[Conclusion]Moderate intensity grazing can serve as a nature-based wildfire risk management solution,but attention should be paid to the risk of phosphorus and potassium depletion under long-term grazing,and grazing strategies should be tailored to species-specific ecological feedbacks.关键词
放牧/林间草地/可燃物特征/潜在地表火行为/植物多样性Key words
grazing/forest grassland/fuel characteristic/potential surface fire behavior/plant diversity分类
林学引用本文复制引用
索奥丽,陈锋,龚俊伟,程定野,代世奥,马成功,刘晓东..华北落叶松林和油松林地表可燃物特征、土壤理化性质及林下植物多样性对林间草地放牧的响应[J].林业科学,2025,61(10):60-73,14.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目课题"雷击火发生区和山地可燃物风险评估及生态调控关键技术研发与示范"(2023YFD2202002) （2023YFD2202002）
国家林业和草原局揭榜挂帅项目"三北工程攻坚战关键技术研发(202401)" （202401）
中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资助(CAFYBB2024ZA004). （CAFYBB2024ZA004）
