全球定位系统2025，Vol.50Issue(5)：117-126,10.DOI:10.12265/j.gnss.2025071
海洋长基线定位系统构型多指标联合评估方法
Multi-criteria joint evaluation method for marine long baseline positioning configuration
摘要
Abstract
This paper investigates the optimization of the geometric configuration of acoustic beacons in a long baseline(LBL)acoustic positioning system.A systematic analysis is conducted on the performance characteristics and application contexts of three evaluation metrics:the Cramer-Rao lower bound(CRLB),the Fisher information matrix(FIM),and the geometric dilution of precision(GDOP).Unlike radar or satellite positioning,underwater acoustic positioning is significantly affected by the complex marine environment.This study focuses on the application differences of three evaluation factors within a 300 m×300 m monitoring area and their particularities in the underwater acoustic environment.The results show that hydroacoustic positioning is affected by the geometric configuration of the sound reference beacon,resulting in a more complex positioning error model.CRLB can more sensitively reflect the influence of this factor on the theoretical lower bound of errors.FIM requires a combined analysis of system configuration to assess information distribution,avoiding information imbalance caused by geometric configuration defects.The dimensionless nature of GDOP can intuitively demonstrate the geometric amplification effect of the spatial distribution of acoustic beacons on the positioning error.Based on these findings,this paper proposes a multi-index combined evaluation strategy:prioritize the use of GDOP for configuration screening,combine the CRLB to verify the theoretical limit accuracy,and supported by FIM to analyze information distribution characteristics.This integrated approach effectively compensates for the limitations of single-metric evaluation in complex hydroacoustic scenarios.关键词
长基线(LBL)声学定位/定位构型/评价因子/克拉默-拉奥下界(CRLB)/Fisher信息矩阵(FIM)/几何精度因子(GDOP)Key words
LBL acoustic positioning/positioning configuration/evaluation factor/CRLB/FIM/GDOP分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
王志杰,王磊,李忠洁,王胜利..海洋长基线定位系统构型多指标联合评估方法[J].全球定位系统,2025,50(5):117-126,10.基金项目
中央引导地方科技发展资金(YDZX2024093) （YDZX2024093）
