全球科技经济瞭望2025，Vol.40Issue(7)：25-35,76,12.DOI:10.3772/j.issn.1009-8623.2025.07.004
美国国会涉华科技法案(2021-2025年)研究:政策动向、影响与中国应对之策
Study on China-Related Technology Bills of the U.S.Congress(2021-2025):Policy Trends,Impacts,and China's Responses
摘要
Abstract
This paper takes 237 technology-related bills concerning China proposed by the 117th-119th US Congresses(January 2021-May 2025)as the research object,analyzing their contents,characteristics,and practical impacts through a review of the bill texts.The study finds that the bills primarily cover four aspects:First,they impose technological restrictions on China through measures targeting business operations,federal research funding,institutional technical exchanges,and participation in multilateral mechanisms.Second,they promote supply chain decoupling and technology control via economic incentives,supply chain relocation,export controls,and corporate sanctions.Third,they strengthen U.S.technological competitiveness through alliance-building,R&D investment,and talent cultivation.Fourth,they conduct risk assessments in fields such as Chinese drones and biotechnology to inform policy adjustments.The bills exhibit features such as Republican dominance,strategic divergence between the parties'"comprehensive decoupling"and"small yard,high fence"approaches,and have already impacted the interests of Chinese and U.S.enterprises,bilateral technological cooperation,and the stability of the global technology supply chain.Therefore,China needs to address related challenges through reasonable countermeasures,independent innovation,expanding international cooperation,and exploring spaces for Sino-U.S.technological collaboration.关键词
美国国会/涉华科技法案/科技竞争/美国对华科技立法Key words
U.S.Congress/science and technology bills related to China/technological competition/U.S.Technological Legislation分类
经济学引用本文复制引用
宋瑞琛,沈文亮..美国国会涉华科技法案(2021-2025年)研究:政策动向、影响与中国应对之策[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2025,40(7):25-35,76,12.基金项目
国家社会科学基金青年项目"美国外资安全审查改革与国际投资保护主义研究"(20CGJ020). （20CGJ020）
