四川农业大学学报2025，Vol.43Issue(5)：1113-1125,13.DOI:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.202505637
氮肥后移对食味差异杂交籼稻产量、米质及氮素利用的影响
Effects of Postponing Nitrogen Topdressing on Yield,Grain Quality and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Indica Hybrid Rice with Different Taste Value
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]This study investigates regulatory pathways for synergistically enhancing yield,grain quality,and nitrogen use efficiency in rice varieties with divergent eating quality.[Method]Two hy-brid indica rice varieties—low-tasting Fyou 498 and the high-tasting Shuangyou 573—were used as ex-perimental materials.Under nitrogen(N)application rate of 150 kg·hm-2,two N management treatments were set up:basal fertilizer∶tiller fertilizer∶panicle fertilizer=7∶3∶0(N1),and basal fertilizer∶tiller fer-tilizer∶panicle fertilizer(applied in two equal doses at the 4th and 2nd leaf stages from the top)=3∶1∶6(N2).A no N application(N0)was also set as a control.[Result]This study compared differences in yield,grain quality,and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)between the two taste-contrasting varieties,aim-ing to identify pathways for their simultaneous improvement.Results showed that both variety and delayed N application significantly affected rice yield,grain quality,and NUE.Delayed N management(N2)in-creased the net photosynthetic rate and nitrogen accumulation in flag leaves at full heading and maturity stages by 21.44%-38.10%,enhanced the translocation of photosynthetic products and nitrogen from leaves and stem sheaths to panicles during grain filling by 11.65%-52.84%,and consequently raised yield by 5.41%-15.59%and NUE by 5.41%-125.75%,while also improving grain quality.Thus,N2 rep-resented the optimal variety-nitrogen coupling mode in this experiment.Under the same N management,the low-tasting variety yielded 4.22%-11.88%higher than the high-tasting variety,with nitrogen recov-ery efficiency and agronomic nitrogen efficiency increasing by 2.82%-5.81%and 11.84%-39.38%,re-spectively.However,the low-tasting variety exhibited higher chalkiness(by 6.86%-29.06%)and poorer eating quality(by 8.76%-10.22%)compared to the high-tasting one.Correlation analysis revealed that nitrogen translocation from leaves and stem sheaths during grain filling,net photosynthetic rate at head-ing,and nitrogen accumulation in panicles at maturity were significantly positively correlated with yield,grain quality,and N use efficiency.[Conclusion]The postponing nitrogen topdressing treatment(N2)achieved coordinated improvement in yield,nitrogen utilization efficiency,and grain quality of hybrid in-dica rice cultivars with varied palatability,representing the optimal cultivar-nitrogen management cou-pling mode in this experiment.The contribution rate of N transport from leaves and stem sheaths at the grain-filling stage,the net photosynthetic rate of leaves at the heading stage,and the N accumulation in panicles at maturity could be used as regulatory indicators to support the pathways for the simultaneous improvement of yield,grain quality and N use efficiency,providing a theoretical basis and practical refer-ence for the technology of increasing the yield and improving the quality and efficiency of hybrid indica rice in the southwest rice-growing region.关键词
食味差异/氮肥后移/产量/米质/氮素利用Key words
different taste value/postponing N topdressing/grain yield/N utilization/rice quality分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
陈坤,马均,孙永健,袁晓娟,罗永恒,汪爱羚,罗贯洲,冯林,廖琴,孙园园,杨志远..氮肥后移对食味差异杂交籼稻产量、米质及氮素利用的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,2025,43(5):1113-1125,13.基金项目
四川省自然科学基金重点项目(2024NSFSC0031) （2024NSFSC0031）
四川省"十四五"生物育种重大科技专项(2022ZDZX0012) （2022ZDZX0012）
四川省科技计划项目(2024NZZJ0005) （2024NZZJ0005）
国家现代农业产业体系四川创新团队项目(SCCXTD-2024-2) （SCCXTD-2024-2）
四川省育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0005). （2021YFYZ0005）
