四川农业大学学报2025，Vol.43Issue(5)：1146-1156,11.DOI:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.202412631
氮肥水平对丘陵地区春玉米雌穗生长及产量的影响
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on the Growth and Yield of Female Ears of Spring Maize in Hilly Areas
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Nitrogen fertilizer management is an important factor affecting maize yield,to pro-vide a theoretical basis for optimizing nitrogen fertilizer management,this study explores the relationship between cob growth characteristics and yield and its response to nitrogen fertilizer level.[Method]A two-factor randomized block design was applied during 2021-2022.Factor A included two maize culti-vars:Zhenghong 507(ZH507)and Zhongyu 3(ZY3).Factor B consisted of three nitrogen levels:no ni-trogen(0 kg/hm2,N0),25%nitrogen reduction(pure nitrogen 180 kg/hm2,N180),and normal nitro-gen(pure nitrogen 240 kg/hm2,N240).The dynamic growth of the female inflorescence(ear)and yield components were examined to analyze the response of ear development and yield to nitrogen application.[Result]The results showed that N fertilization significantly affected corn yield and its components,and N fertilization treatments significantly increased the number of grains on the ear by 35.70%-44.48%,the weight of 1 000 grains by 29.42%-35.73%,and the yield by 86.09%-110.09%,with the number of grains on the ear having the greatest effect on yield.Corn cob length,cob thickness,and cob volume are all consistent with a logistic model along with days to post-pulling.Nitrogen application significantly pro-moted corn female cob growth,Spike length,spike thickness and spike volume increased by 19.88%,28.99%and 96.36%under N180 treatment.Spike length,spike thickness and spike volume increased by 25.04%,40.48%and 120.26%under N240 treatment.Spike traits contributed differently to yield and yield components,with spike volume contributing the most to spike grain number at 75.22%.Correlation analysis showed that the growth rates of spike length,spike thickness and spike volume in the gradual in-crease period(V1)and the growth rate in the fast increase period(V2)were significantly positively corre-lated with the yield,indicating that nitrogen application mainly increased the yield by increasing the growth rate of female spikes.[Conclusion]Nitrogen fertilization mainly promotes maize yield by improv-ing ear growth,thereby increasing kernel number per ear and 1 000-kernel weight.关键词
玉米/氮肥/产量/雌穗性状/生长模型Key words
maize/nitrogen fertilization/yield/female ear trait/growth modeling分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
陶冶,蒲玮,崔阔澍,尹丕江,蔡倩忆,蓝天琼,冯冬菊,袁继超,孔凡磊..氮肥水平对丘陵地区春玉米雌穗生长及产量的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,2025,43(5):1146-1156,11.基金项目
四川省自然科学基金(2022NSFSC0013) （2022NSFSC0013）
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2301902) （2023YFD2301902）
四川省玉米创新团队建设项目(SCCXTD-2024-02) （SCCXTD-2024-02）
