山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）2025，Vol.45Issue(5)：27-40,14.DOI:10.13842/j.cnki.issn1671-8151.202503002
耕作与施氮对玉米氮代谢关键酶及生长的影响
Effects of tillage and nitrogen application on key enzymes of nitrogen and growth in maize
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]The research focused on exploring the effects of different tillage methods and nitrogen application rates on key nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities,root growth,nitrogen use efficiency,and yield in maize,to provide a scientific ba-sis for high-efficiency maize cultivation.[Methods]A fixed-site field experiment was carried out over two consecutive years(2023-2024).Three tillage methods,namely ploughing,no-tillage,and deep loosening,and four nitrogen application rates(0,100,200,and 300 kg/hm2)were established to study their effects on soil total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,nitrate reductase activity(NRA),glutamine synthase activity(GSA),root length,root activity,nitrogen use efficiency,and yield.[Results]The combination of subsoiling with a nitrogen application rate of 300 kg/hm2 significantly increased soil total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen content in the 0～40 cm soil layer.Compared with the control group,these values were signifi-cantly increased by 84.89%,89.43%and 37.66%,42.88%in the first and second years,respectively.The treatment of sub-soiling with 200 kg/hm2 nitrogen significantly enhanced NR and GS activities,root length,root viability,and final yield across different growth stages.Compared to the control group,the average NR and GS activities during the growth periods(jointing,silking,and grain filling stage)increased significantly by 50.92%and 40.38%,respectively.The average root length and root activity during the growth periods(jointing,silking,and maturity stage)increased significantly by 40.21%and 38.76%,re-spectively,and the yield increased significantly by 31.95%and 30.10%,respectively.Further analysis of the relationship be-tween tillage,nitrogen rate,and yield revealed a quadratic relationship between yield and nitrogen application rate.Under sub-soiling,the theoretical maximum yield was 16,027.63 kg/hm2 at a nitrogen rate of 167.33 kg/hm2.Subsoiling combined with 200 kg/hm2 nitrogen had the most pronounced effect on nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency,while subsoiling with 100 kg/hm2 nitrogen most effectively promoted the partial factor productivity of nitrogen.Correlation and principal component analysis indicated that soil total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen,NRA,GSA,root length,and root activity all had significant positive effects on corn yield and were key factors for yield increase.The treatment combining subsoil-ing with 200 kg/hm2 nitrogen received the highest comprehensive score.[Conclusion]Adopting different tillage methods and ni-trogen application rates can effectively increase soil nitrogen content,key nitrogen metabolism activities,root elongation and vi-tality,root architecture and uptake function,and nitrogen use efficiency,ultimately increasing maize yield.Considering nitro-gen use efficiency,yield,and model fitting results,subsoiling is the recommended tillage method with an optimal nitrogen ap-plication rate of 167～200 kg/hm2,which can be further promoted in corn production in Northeast China.关键词
耕作方式/施氮量/氮代谢关键酶/根系生长/产量Key words
Farming methods/Nitrogen application rate/Key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism/Root growth/Output分类
农业科学引用本文复制引用
高利,王术,籍强,白向历,田惠..耕作与施氮对玉米氮代谢关键酶及生长的影响[J].山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）,2025,45(5):27-40,14.基金项目
辽宁省科技计划联合计划项目(2024-MSLH-178) （2024-MSLH-178）
辽东学院博士科研启动资金项目(2022BS008) （2022BS008）
辽东学院技术开发(委托)项目(202521060500109) （委托）
