陶瓷学报2025，Vol.46Issue(5)：873-885,13.DOI:10.13957/j.cnki.tcxb.2025.05.001
高熵非氧化物陶瓷材料的研究与进展
Progress and Prospects of High-entropy Non-oxide Ceramics
摘要
Abstract
[Significance]High-entropy non-oxide ceramic materials demonstrate exceptional stability under extreme environments,such as ultra-high temperatures,strong corrosion,high wear and high radiation,thus exhibiting broad application prospects.For example,high-entropy carbides far exceed traditional carbide ceramics in hardness,thermal shock resistance and oxidation resistance,making them suitable for aerospace engine coatings or structural materials in nuclear reactors.The superior performance of high-entropy non-oxides primarily originates from four unique effects,including the high-entropy effect,sluggish diffusion effect,lattice distortion effect and"cocktail"effect.Multi-component synergistic enhancement results in significant improvement in fracture toughness,creep resistance and wear resistance,overcoming the brittleness and failure susceptibility of traditional ceramics.Therefore,regulating components to achieve entropy-stabilized states plays a decisive role in optimizing the structural stability and performance of high-entropy non-oxide ceramics.However,challenges,such as complex synthesis,intricate processing and high costs,have restricted their commercial applications.This review is aimed to summarize recent research progress in high-entropy borides,carbides,dual-anion high-entropy ceramics and multiphase/composite high-entropy ceramics,emphasizing their mechanical and thermal advantages over traditional ceramics,identifying existing challenges and proposing future directions. [Progress]The development of high-entropy non-oxide ceramics,which are typically single-phase solid solutions formed by five or more non-oxide components,is first introduced.Then,material design,synthesis and structure-property of high-entropy borides,carbides,dual-anion ceramics and multiphase composites are elaborated.High-entropy carbides,mostly composed of five or more transition metal carbides,adopt phase formation criteria from high-entropy alloys as the theoretical design principles,supplemented by lattice distortion and entropy-forming ability criteria to determine single-phase formation.Current sintering methods for bulk high-entropy carbides include hot-pressing(HP),spark plasma sintering(SPS),pressureless sintering(PS),oscillatory pressure sintering(OPS)and ultra-fast high temperature sintering(UHTS).These materials generally exhibit higher hardness,elastic modulus and low thermal conductivity,as compared with their single-component counterparts.The enhanced elastic modulus and hardness are attributed to solid solution strengthening and unique deformation mechanisms.Adjusting solid-solution systems to modulate the high-entropy effect may alleviate brittleness.Secondly,typical high-entropy diborides possess hexagonal crystal structures,with SPS being the most common method for low-component systems.For octonary systems,ultra-high-temperature rapid sintering is preferred,due to the excessive synthesis temperatures.The formation of boride solid solutions depends on component melting points and vapor pressures.For instance,CrB₂ exhibits the highest vapor pressure,leading to Cr migration and non-equilibrium microstructures.Therefore,the content of Cr must be carefully controlled in the design.Unlike carbides,high-entropy borides excel in wear resistance and ultra-high melting points,showing promise for porous ceramics with low thermal conductivity.Thirdly,dual-anion high-entropy ceramics are formed through the incorporation of multiple anions,offering enhanced phase stability,broader tunability and unique properties,such as high strength and low thermal conductivity.Stronger lattice distortions and reduced Fermi-level density of states contribute to structural stability.Multiphase composites,including dual high-entropy phases or high-entropy/non-high-entropy hybrids,are synthesized via ball milling combined with HP or SPS.Additionally,the addition of SiC particle in high-entropy carbides promotes densification. [Conclusions and prospects]High-entropy non-oxide ceramics hold potential in energy,catalysis,environmental,and electronic fields,especially for high-temperature protection and wear-resistant coatings.This review is aimed to systematically discuss design theories,synthesis methods,microstructure control and performance optimization of these materials,with a focus on sintering techniques and structure-property for borides,carbides,dual-anion ceramics and composites.Finally,it is pointed out that the problems and challenges of synthesis,processing and cost of high-entropy non-oxide ceramic materials limit their practical applications.In future,novel synthesis approaches,refinement of microstructures to enhance reliability and durability and integration of AI/machine learning to decipher high-entropy solid-solution mechanisms and crystal structure principles should be explored to enable the design of cost-effective high-performance high-entropy non-oxide ceramics.关键词
高熵陶瓷/烧结技术/微观结构调控/高温性能Key words
high-entropy ceramics/preparation method/microstructure regulation/high-temperature performance分类
化学化工引用本文复制引用
王天赐,赵方楠,范彬彬,赵林,谢志鹏..高熵非氧化物陶瓷材料的研究与进展[J].陶瓷学报,2025,46(5):873-885,13.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(52072201). （52072201）
