天然气与石油2025，Vol.43Issue(5)：161-166,6.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-5539.2025.05.020
大型氢液化工艺研究现状与展望
Current status and future prospects of large-scale hydrogen liquefaction processes
摘要
Abstract
With the rapid development of the hydrogen energy industry,liquid hydrogen,as a high-density storage and transportation form,offers significant advantages for large-scale hydrogen applications.However,the high energy consumption and cost associated with hydrogen liquefaction have become key bottlenecks restricting its commercialization.This paper presents a systematic review of the fundamental principles of hydrogen liquefaction technology,including the ortho-to-para hydrogen catalytic conversion mechanism and three basic processes:throttling liquefaction with liquid cooling(Linde-Hampson Cycle),expansion engine-based liquefaction(Claude Cycle),and helium-refrigerated liquefaction(Reverse Brayton Cycle).Based on this,the current status of global large-scale hydrogen liquefaction plants is summarized,highlighting that core liquefaction technologies are currently dominated by a few international industrial gas companies.Furthermore,the paper focuses on advanced large-scale hydrogen liquefaction processes under development for future applications,such as liquid nitrogen/helium pre-cooling cycles,mixed-refrigerant refrigeration,and the highly integrated schemes from the European IDEALHY project.Conceptual designs have achieved a minimum specific energy consumption as low as 4.41 kW·h/kg,with theoretical exergy efficiency reaching 25%～50%.The study indicates that multi-stage refrigeration processes coupled with mixed refrigerants exhibit greater potential in terms of energy efficiency,compactness,and scalability,representing a promising technical pathway toward hundred-ton-per-day liquefaction plants.关键词
氢液化/液氢/大型氢液化装置/正—仲氢转化/效率/工艺进展Key words
Hydrogen liquefaction/Liquid hydrogen/Large-scale hydrogen liquefier/Ortho-to-para hydrogen conversion/Exergy efficiency/Process advancement引用本文复制引用
庄林家,廖勇,李龙,王科,王琳,黄皇..大型氢液化工艺研究现状与展望[J].天然气与石油,2025,43(5):161-166,6.基金项目
浙江省能源集团有限公司科研项目"天然气管道掺氢、输送、分离应用技术研究及浙能先导示范项目"(ZNKJ-2021-108) （ZNKJ-2021-108）
中国石油工程建设有限公司科研项目"氢气制备、提纯、液化和储运加注技术前期研究"(CPECC2020KJ06) （CPECC2020KJ06）
