信号处理2025，Vol.41Issue(10)：1703-1713,11.DOI:10.12466/xhcl.2025.10.010
一种面向海上无人机的宽波束圆极化GNSS全向天线设计
Wide-Beam Circularly Polarized Omnidirectional Antenna Design for GNSS Applications in Marine UAVs
摘要
Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have been extensively utilized in maritime disaster monitoring and emer-gency rescue operations.As a critical component of UAV navigation and positioning systems,the Global Navigation Sat-ellite System(GNSS)onboard antenna plays a critical role in ensuring high-precision positioning and stable signal re-ception in complex maritime environments.Its performance is directly linked to the reliability of UAVs in executing maritime disaster monitoring and emergency rescue missions.However,under extreme natural disaster conditions such as typhoons,existing antennas still exhibit limitations,including narrow beamwidth and unstable circular polarization characteristics,which significantly degrade navigation reliability and pose serious risks to UAV operational safety.To ad-dress these challenges,this study proposed a wide-beam circularly polarized omnidirectional antenna.The antenna adopts a three-layer coaxially stacked patch configuration.Symmetrically etched arc-shaped slots were incorporated into the patches to introduce additional reactance components,while uniformly distributed metallized vias(shorting pins)along the patch edges established electrical connections between the radiating patches and ground layer.By integrating capacitive coupling feeding technology,this design optimizes surface current distribution and excites multi-mode reso-nances,thereby broadening both the axial ratio bandwidth and impedance bandwidth of the antenna.Simulation results demonstrated that the designed antenna achieved an axial ratio bandwidth of 49.11%and an impedance bandwidth of 29.7%over the frequency range of 1.06～1.75 GHz.Furthermore,it maintained stable circularly polarized radiation char-acteristics across a 176° elevation angle and a full 360° azimuthal coverage,achieving broadband impedance matching and wide-angle circular polarization performance.The antenna exhibited a peak gain exceeding 1.8 dB and cross-polarization discrimination ratio exceeding 15 dB,effectively suppressing multipath interference.For experimental vali-dation,a prototype of the proposed antenna was fabricated and tested.Measured results aligned closely with simulated predictions,confirming the robustness of the design.Additionally,the low-profile and lightweight structure of the an-tenna is well-suited for integration into compact UAV platforms,addressing the stringent miniaturization requirements of practical applications.关键词
全球卫星导航系统/全向天线/宽波束/圆极化Key words
global navigation satellite system/omnidirectional antenna/wide beam/circular polarization分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
熊秋茹,孙蕊,徐延峰..一种面向海上无人机的宽波束圆极化GNSS全向天线设计[J].信号处理,2025,41(10):1703-1713,11.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2023YFE0208400) （2023YFE0208400）
中央高校业务费-教育部重点实验室能力建设(B240203012) （B240203012）
南京航空航天大学研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(xcxjh20240718) National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFE0208400) （xcxjh20240718）
Central Universities-Capacity Building of Key Laboratories of the Ministry of Education(B240203012) （B240203012）
Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of NUAA(xcxjh20240718) （xcxjh20240718）
