西南农业学报2025，Vol.38Issue(9)：1859-1870,12.DOI:10.16213/j.cnki.scjas.2025.9.005
采薹对不同双低型油菜品种产量、品质及经济效益的影响
Effects of stalk harvesting on yield,quality and economic benefits of different double-low rapeseed cultivars
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]The present paper aimed to determine the suitable rapeseed cultivars for planting in the Erhai Basin,field with dual purpose in oil extraction and as vegetables.The experiments were carried out to explore the effects of stem harvesting on the yield,quality and economic benefits of different rapeseed cultivars,in order to provide theoretical support for the construction of a green and high-value rapeseed model in the Erhai Basin.[Method]Field experiments were conducted in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture from 2022 to 2023.Ten double-low rapeseed cultivars were tested,including Zhongyouza 19,Zhongyouza 39,Huayou 5,Huayouza 5R,Dadi 95,Yunyouza 14,Yunyouza 15,Yu-nyouza 28,Yunyouza 51 and Yunyoushuang 2.The experiments followed a split-plot design,with the subplots within each cultivar plot either having the stems harvested or left unharvested(only seed harvest).The effects of stem harvesting on the yield,quality,and comprehensive profis of vegetable stems and seeds from different double-low rapeseed cultivars were compared.[Result]Compared with the treatment without sprout harvesting,the growth period of rapeseed was extended by 8-10 days.Compared with the treatment without sprouting,the harvesting treatment reduced the yield of most cultivars.The highest yield of rapeseed in Huayou 5 was 3626 kg/hm2,and its higher number of branches(16.8 branches/plant),number of leaves(459.6 pods/plant),number of grains per horn(23.4 seeds/pod)and stable 1000-seed weight(3.4 g)ensured the yield of rapeseed.Sprout-harvesting treatment differentially affected rapeseed quality:the oil content,protein content and erucic acid content of different cultivars exhibited varying adaptability to sprout harvesting,and sprout harvesting generally elevated glucosino-late levels.The yield of rapeseed sprouts in Dadi 95 was the highest(13 352.9 kg/hm2),and the higher single sprout weight(81.8 g),sprout length(35.0 cm)and sprout thickness(18.4 mm)contributed to the high yield of rapeseed sprouts.The proportion of first-grade sprouts was the highest at 97％,the appearance quality was the best,and it had the highest comprehensive output value of 116 000 yuan/hm2.The rapeseed yield(3156 kg/hm2),oil content(43.5％)and protein(23.1％)content of Yunyouza 15 were higher and the compre-hensive output value(57 000 yuan/hm2)was at the average level,while the contents of erucic acid(0.6％)and glucosinolate(796.9μmol/g)were low.The results of principal component analysis showed that Yunyouza 15 achieved the best comprehensive performance by re-lying on its balance between yield and quality.[Conclusion]Yunyouza 15 demonstrates superior performance in terms of seed and stem yield,quality,and comprehensive economic benefits,making it the most suitable rapeseed cultivar for oil and vegetable use in the Erhai Basin.The study identified high-yield,high-quality,and high-value dual-purpose rapeseed cultivars suitable for cultivation in the Erhai Basin,providing a scientific basis and theoretical support for the efficient cultivation of rapeseed in this region.关键词
洱海流域/菜油两用油菜/油菜薹/农艺性状/经济效益Key words
Erhai Basin/Brassica napus for dual-purpose oil and vegetable use/Canola stalks/Agronomic traits/Economic benefits分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
张博凯,任衍齐,张顺涛,高亦洁,杨静,朱炫,王康,丛汶峰..采薹对不同双低型油菜品种产量、品质及经济效益的影响[J].西南农业学报,2025,38(9):1859-1870,12.基金项目
云南省重大科技专项(202202AE090034) （202202AE090034）
国家资助博士后研究人员计划C档(GZC20241935) （GZC20241935）
云南省张福锁院士工作站(202305AF150055) （202305AF150055）
