中国工程科学2025，Vol.27Issue(5)：1-18,18.DOI:10.15302/J-SSCAE-2025.08.025
构建新型零碳热力系统
Building a Zero-Carbon Thermal System
摘要
Abstract
The development of a new zero-carbon thermal system is critical for achieving China's energy transition and carbon neutrality goals.Heat pumps are a key enabling technology in this process,and their successful deployment hinges on two factors:identifying reliable low-temperature heat sources and ensuring that their electricity consumption is supplied by zero-carbon or low-carbon power.Based on China's specific heating demands and resource endowments,this study proposes a construction pathway for zero-carbon thermal systems.For low-intensity heating demands—such as space heating in southern regions and rural buildings—air-source,ground-source,and surface water-source heat pumps should be employed to efficiently provide heat using electricity.For high-intensity heating demands—such as space heating in northern regions,low-pressure steam and hot water for industry—low-grade waste heat from human activities,including residual heat from nuclear and thermal power plants,industrial processes,and data centers,can be harvested as the low-temperature heat source and upgraded via heat pumps to meet supply needs.Building on this framework,the study presents an integrated roadmap for realizing zero-carbon thermal supply in China.It focuses on the technological architecture required to establish large-scale waste heat sharing networks,and analyses how coordinated operation between heating and power systems can contribute to the development of a new-type power system.Finally,it provides a comprehensive assessment of the investment requirements,economic returns,and carbon reduction potential of zero-carbon thermal infrastructure.This study recommends that the construction of zero-carbon thermal systems be prioritized and accelerated.Efforts should be advanced along two parallel pathways:(1)decentralized heat pumps deployed and retrofitted by end users,and(2)centralized waste heat sharing networks implemented through national-level planning.These should be supported by appropriate enabling policies and safeguards to fully unlock the economic and social benefits of zero-carbon thermal systems,thereby accelerating the low-carbon transformation of the energy system and the realization of carbon neutrality goals.关键词
零碳热力系统/余热共享系统/热泵/热电协同/碳中和Key words
zero-carbon thermal system/waste-heat sharing system/heat pump/power-heat coordination/carbon neutrality分类
矿山工程引用本文复制引用
江亿,付林,夏建军,谢晓云,吴彦廷,胡姗..构建新型零碳热力系统[J].中国工程科学,2025,27(5):1-18,18.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3802400,2024YFC3810000) （2022YFC3802400,2024YFC3810000）
中国工程院咨询项目"城乡能源供给系统与路径发展战略研究"(2023-XBZD-07)本研究同时得到清华大学‒丰田联合研究基金项目(20233930059)的支持. National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3802400,2024YFC3810000) （2023-XBZD-07）
Chinese Academy of Engineering project"Strategic Research on Development Pathways for Urban-Rural Energy Supply Systems"(2023-XBZD-07) （2023-XBZD-07）
