中国工程科学2025，Vol.27Issue(5)：41-53,13.DOI:10.15302/J-SSCAE-2025.07.014
基于超公共资源理论的国家公园优质水资源配置与价值实现研究
High-Quality Water Resource Allocation and Value Realization in National Parks:A Paracommons Theory Perspective
摘要
Abstract
High-quality water resources conserved by national parks and other protected areas are indispensable ecological products for maintaining watershed ecological security and supporting downstream socio-economic systems.However,existing water management frameworks have not effectively identified or calculated their ecological spillover values,resulting in"high-quality but low-efficiency"allocation,reduced distributional equity,and insufficient protection incentives.This study introduces the Paracommons theory,which conceptualizes high-quality water not as an ordinary public good,but as a scarce ecological asset"released"through conservation activities,thereby requiring dedicated accounting,allocation,and compensation mechanisms.Taking the National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest as a case study,a three-tier"source-flow-use"accounting framework was established.The results show that,in terms of overall water allocation within the park,high-quality water constitutes an important share of regional water use,yet much of it is directed toward sectors with relatively low water quality requirements,while high-value industries and domestic users that rely more critically on high-quality water receive limited supply.This reflects a mismatch between water quality and economic value realization.At the watershed scale,different river basins exhibit heterogeneous patterns—such as agriculture-dominated,industry-dependent,or domestic-oriented allocations—highlighting the structural imbalance in high-quality water distribution.Drawing on domestic practices and international experiences,the study proposes a closed-loop market-oriented mechanism of"clarification of rights,pricing,trading,and financialization"for high-quality water,including graded entitlement based on source,quality,and ecological contribution.We further recommend innovative financial instruments such as water-ecological service credits,and a"high-quality water bank",and strengthened institutional and regulatory safeguards.This framework aims to advance the realization of ecological product values in protected areas and offer universally applicable insights for global natural resource governance.关键词
国家公园/优质水资源/超公共资源/生态产品价值/生态补偿/水权交易/绿色金融Key words
national park/high-quality water resources/Paracommons/ecological product values/ecological compensation/water rights trading/green finance分类
环境科学引用本文复制引用
刘耕源,董珂,徐俏,杨青,赵彦伟,陈钰,杨志峰..基于超公共资源理论的国家公园优质水资源配置与价值实现研究[J].中国工程科学,2025,27(5):41-53,13.基金项目
中国工程院咨询项目"海南热带雨林国家公园生态产品价值评估与实现路径"(24HNZX-10) （24HNZX-10）
海南国家公园研究院资助项目(KY-23ZK02) Chinese Academy of Engineering project"Ecological Product Value Assessment and Realization Pathways of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park"(24HNZX-10) （KY-23ZK02）
Hainan National Park Research Institute Project(KY-23ZK02) （KY-23ZK02）
