中国农业科技导报2025，Vol.27Issue(11)：174-185,12.DOI:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2025.0643
农业合成生物学发展与公共风险防控研究
Research on Development of Agricultural Synthetic Biology and Public Risk Prevention and Control
摘要
Abstract
Agricultural synthetic biology integrates engineering and life sciences,which has evolved from single-gene editing to systematic design.Key technologies include CRISPR-Cas optimization,AI design platforms,synthetic microbial technologies and crop chassis modification.The application of these technologies has driven the development of new agricultural production paradigms and promoted technological innovations in such areas as nutrient-enhanced crops,environmentally friendly inputs,stress-resistant crops and low-carbon cycling technologies.At the same time,it faces multi-dimensional risks:in terms of biosecurity,there are risks of off-target effects in gene editing,pathogen modification and biological weapons,laboratory error;in terms of ecological security,there are impacts on biodiversity,disturbances to ecosystem functions;in terms of social ethics,there are controversies over creating life and the essence of life,uncertainties regarding food safety and health impacts,and controversies over the compatibility of organic agriculture with synthetic biology;in terms of economic effect,there are risks of technology and market monopoly,impacts of industrial chain restructuring and integration on employment,the structure and functions of agricultural systems.For above reasons,countries around the world have attached great importance to building public risk prevention and control systems,forming three main models:product-based regulatory models process-based regulatory models,and hybrid models.In the future,the contradiction between the rapid iteration of technology and the lag in policy supervision is the most severe challenge facing agricultural synthetic biology.It is necessary to follow the principles of full life cycle management,prevention first,and scientific assessment,and support global food security and environmental sustainable development by improving policies and governance systems and adhering to the path of responsible innovation.关键词
农业合成生物学/基因编辑/公共风险防控/合成微生物/应用创新Key words
agricultural synthetic biology/gene editing/public risk prevention and control/synthetic microorganisms/application innovation分类
农业科学引用本文复制引用
程琨,张森,黄帅涛,马振玲,王永才..农业合成生物学发展与公共风险防控研究[J].中国农业科技导报,2025,27(11):174-185,12.基金项目
河南省自然科学基金项目(222300420185). （222300420185）
