中国农业科学2025，Vol.58Issue(20)：4158-4177,20.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.20.010
智能滴灌水肥耦合模式实现土壤节水控盐与向日葵产量品质协同提升
Intelligent Drip Irrigation Water-Fertilizer Coupling Regime Realizes Synergistic Improvement of Soil Water Conservation,Salt Control and Sunflower Yield and Quality
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]In response to the issues of low soil fertility and water-salt imbalance constraining sunflower production in the saline-alkali soils of the Yellow River Irrigation Area(YRIA)in Inner Mongolia,this study investigated the regulatory effects of an intelligent drip irrigation-based water-fertilizer coupling regime on the saline-alkaline soil properties,as well as on sunflower growth and yield.[Method]Based on a two-year field study,this research employed a two-factor split-plot design conducted in Dalate Banner,Inner Mongolia,during 2023-2024.Sunflower was used as the test crop,with two irrigation methods,including surface irrigation and drip irrigation-assigned to the main plots,and four fertilization regimes applied in the sub-plots:chemical fertilizer alone(F),chemical fertilizer plus straw incorporation(FS),chemical fertilizer combined with cow manure(FM),and chemical fertilizer supplemented with high-carbon basal fertilizer(FH).The study evaluated the effects of different water-fertilizer management strategies on soil physicochemical properties,sunflower yield and quality,as well as nutrient physiological efficiency.[Result]Based on the two-year experimental period,the intelligent drip irrigation coupled with integrated water-fertilization practice significantly reduced soil electrical conductivity(EC)in the 0-40 cm layer by 41.2％,increased soil moisture content by 15.0％,elevated nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N)content by 37.8％,and enhanced soil organic carbon(SOC)content by 10.8％,compared with traditional flood irrigation with conventional fertilization.Under traditional flood irrigation,the application of organic amendments significantly decreased EC by 7.3％-27.0％and reduced pH by 0.08-0.51 units relative to the chemical-fertilizer-only(F)treatment,while increasing SOC by 3.8％-13.0％,NO3--N by 9.2％-58.2％,available phosphorus(AP)by 32.2％-62.7％,and available potassium(AK)by 12.4％-22.7％in the 0-40 cm soil layer.Under intelligent drip irrigation,organic amendments led to a reduction in EC by 3.7％-28.5％and increased in SOC by 4.3％-9.5％,NO3--N by 17.2％-61.4％,AP by 20.3％-48.8％,and AK by 3.6％-26.6％,compared with F treatment.In terms of crop performance,integrated intelligent drip irrigation with fertigation significantly enhanced sunflower plant height and stem diameter by 16.7％and 85.4％,respectively,over traditional flood irrigation.Nitrogen physiological efficiency(NPE)and phosphorus physiological efficiency(PPE)increased by 26.6％and 34.1％,respectively;biomass yield and grain yield rose by 12.8％and 89.5％,respectively;and water use efficiency(WUE)improved by 67.7％.Under traditional flood irrigation,organic amendments significantly raised plant height by 16.7％-17.5％,PPE by 27.1％,biomass yield by 37.0％-43.9％,grain yield by 6.0％-25.2％,WUE by 6.0％-25.2％,kernel percentage by 13.0％-17.9％,and grain fat content by 9.7％compared with F treatment.Under intelligent drip irrigation,organic amendments significantly improved plant height by 7.6％,NPE by 15.2％-17.2％,PPE by 17.2％,biomass yield by 23.7％,grain yield by 4.6％-20.4％,WUE by 4.6％-20.4％,kernel percentage by 6.2％-10.2％,and grain fat content by 3.3％relative to F treatment.Mantel analysis indicated that biomass yield and grain yield were significantly positively correlated with soil water content,SOC,plant height,stem diameter,NPE,and PPE(P＜0.01),and significantly negatively correlated with pH and EC.In summary,the combined application of intelligent drip irrigation with water-fertilizer integration,particularly in conjunction with cow manure or high-carbon basal fertilizer,demonstrated the most favorable outcomes,representing the most suitable water and fertilizer management strategy for saline-alkali soils in the Yellow River irrigation area.[Conclusion]The integrated water-fertilizer regime under smart drip irrigation,combined with organic amendments,enhanced saline-alkali soil quality and sunflower productivity by effectively reducing soil salinity,improving nutrient availability,and increasing crop physiological efficiency.关键词
盐碱地/有机物料/智能滴灌/土壤理化性质/植物养分/产量Key words
saline soil/organic matter/smart drip irrigation/soil physicochemical properties/plant nutrients/yield引用本文复制引用
韩哲群,王利军,武雪萍,苏莹,高奇奇,刘美英,贾昂元,张海睿,南珊珊,徐勤政,王强..智能滴灌水肥耦合模式实现土壤节水控盐与向日葵产量品质协同提升[J].中国农业科学,2025,58(20):4158-4177,20.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2001401)、中国农业科学院重大科技任务项目(CAAS—ZDRW202407)、新疆天池英才计划 （2023YFD2001401）
