中国铁道科学2025，Vol.46Issue(5)：11-29,19.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2025.05.02
高速列车转向架包覆结构安装位置及间隙尺寸对气动阻力影响
Study on the Influence of Installation Position and Gap Size of High-Speed Train Bogie Covering Structure on Aerodynamic Drag
摘要
Abstract
Aiming at the unclear quantitative influence law of the symmetrical installation position of the high speed train bogie fairing and skirt plate and the gap change between the fairing and the car body on the train drag,the numerical simulation method was adopted to formulate 5 schemes of symmetrical and full coverage installation at different positions,by designing the covering structure of the bogie fairing.The influence law of the bogie fairing and its installation position on the aerodynamic drag of a 3-car high-speed EMU running at 300 km·h-1 was studied.Based on this,7 lateral(X-direction)gap sizes and 8 longitudinal(Y-direction)gap sizes were defined.By analyzing the influence of changes in these gap sizes on flow characteristics around the bogie area during train operation,the influence laws and mechanism of the fairing position and X-direction and Y-direction gap sizes on the aerodynamic drag of the entire vehicle were revealed.The results demonstrate that bogie fairings and skirt plates significantly reduce aerodynamic drag through diversion and blocking effects.Those components substantially weaken the impact of airflow from beneath the vehicle on the rear surface of the bogie cavity,thereby reducing pressure difference drag in the bogie area and achieving notable drag reduction for the entire vehicle.For semi-encircled fairing,installing fairings and skirt plates in the 1,6 bogie areas achieves a drag reduction rate of 8.6%for the entire vehicle,which exceeds the combined drag reduction rates achieved when installed at the 2,5 and 3,4 bogie areas.Based on the installation of semi-encircling fairings and skirt plates at 1,6 bogie areas,the reduction in X-direction and Y-direction gaps primarily weakens the airflow impact on the middle-lower portions(B region)and lower lateral(C region)of the bogie compartment end surfaces,reduces the airflow velocity inside the compartment,and decreases the pressure differential drag between the front and rear end surfaces,thereby achieving a reduction in overall vehicle drag.When the X-direction and Y-direction gaps are reduced from 240 mm and 310 mm to 0 mm respectively(flush installation with the vehicle bottom),the drag reduction rate increases from 8.26%and 8.3%to 9.88%and 10.68%.The reduction in overall vehicle drag shows a nearly uniform trend with the reduction of the X and Y directions gaps.And the reduction in Y-direction gap contributes slightly more to the entire vehicle drag reduction than that in the X-direction gap.关键词
高速列车/转向架/包覆结构/底护板/裙板/气动阻力/间隙尺寸/数值模拟Key words
High-speed train/Bogies/Covering structure/Fairings/Skirt plates/Aerodynamic drag/Gap size/Numerical simulation分类
交通工程引用本文复制引用
王志钧,谢子豪,高广军,李健..高速列车转向架包覆结构安装位置及间隙尺寸对气动阻力影响[J].中国铁道科学,2025,46(5):11-29,19.基金项目
湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2024JJ5431) （2024JJ5431）
