中国铁道科学2025，Vol.46Issue(5)：55-65,11.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2025.05.05
滚珠空腔缺陷引发牵引电机轴承失效机制
Failure Mechanism of Traction Motor Bearings Induced by Ball Cavity Defects
摘要
Abstract
To investigate the failure mechanism of traction motor bearings,based on the macroscopic features of each damaged component,a detailed characterization was carried out for the core defects of balls.The cavity defects exhibited original rolling features on their inner walls,accompanied by a decarburized layer.The microstructure of defective balls underwent thermally induced transformation,with hardness decreasing by approximately 30 HRC.Furthermore,the finite element method was employed to quantitatively evaluate the stiffness variation of balls containing cavity defects,and to comparatively analyze the mechanism of defect presence and quantity on the stress distribution during bearing operation,which indicated that cavity defects reduced the structural stiffness of the balls and increased the radial deformation by approximately 10%.In addition,a mass reduction of approximately 5%in cavity-containing balls induced operational imbalance of the bearing,resulting in a doubling of severe stress concentration in the cage.Both defect characterization and finite element analysis confirm that the failure of the traction motor bearings originates from cavity defects formed during the ball manufacturing.The presence of cavities led to reduced ball stiffness and operational imbalance,which reduced contact fatigue crack initiation and microstructural degradation in the balls,as well as intensified local stress concentration in the cage.These synergistic effects result in ball fracture and cage breakage,ultimately reduce systemic bearing failure.关键词
牵引电机轴承/空腔缺陷/失效机制/数值模拟Key words
Traction motor bearing/Cavity defect/Failure mechanism/Numerical simulation分类
交通工程引用本文复制引用
范明哲,张关震,吴毅,薛秀慧,王志伟..滚珠空腔缺陷引发牵引电机轴承失效机制[J].中国铁道科学,2025,46(5):55-65,11.基金项目
中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(J2024J004) （J2024J004）
