电机与控制应用2025，Vol.52Issue(10)：1086-1096,11.DOI:10.12177/emca.2025.100
系留式大载荷灭火无人机电推进系统优化设计
Optimization Design of the Electric Propulsion System for a Tethered High-Payload Firefighting UAV
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Tethered heavy-payload firefighting UAVs performing sustained hovering at 200 m altitude face critical challenges:Insufficient power density,excessive winding temperature rise,and inadequate 100-hour operational reliability.Addressing performance limitations in conventional external-rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor-specifically high AC copper losses from round-wire windings and low air-gap flux density due to parallel magnetization,this study proposes an integrated solution combining multiphysics collaborative optimization with innovative topological design.The approach targets stringent triple requirements for electric propulsion systems:lightweight construction,minimized heat dissipation,and superior operational robustness in aerial firefighting scenarios.[Methods]Using a multi-parameter sensitivity hierarchical degradation model validated for predictive accuracy,parameter co-optimization for an external-rotor motor with 36 slot/32 pole was performed via response surface methodology.The design incorporated a five-segment Halbach magnet array topology to enhance fundamental air-gap flux density while suppressing torque ripple through optimized magnetization angle distribution.This was combined with flat-wire winding technology and a dovetail-groove stator design,achieving a 78%slot fill factor and reducing AC copper losses via three-dimensional end-turn optimization.Pareto-optimal solutions balancing thermal stability and efficiency were selected using a genetic algorithm based on a composite objective function.Prototypes underwent rigorous validation through propeller dynamometer tests simulating full-load aerodynamic profiles and flight demonstrations at 200 m altitude under variable atmospheric conditions.[Results]The optimized motor achieved a power density of 3.73 kW/kg with 92.9%system efficiency under rated propeller load.Winding temperature rise stabilized at 118 K,the electric drive system operated stably during the 200 m altitude flight test.Following 100 hours of continuous flight,efficiency degradation remained below 0.1%,outperforming similar products.[Conclusion]The hierarchical optimization framework synergized with Halbach-flat wire winding technology,achieving unprecedented power density and operational reliability essential for prolonged firefighting missions,while offering a scalable methodology for high-altitude electric propulsion design.关键词
系留式大载荷灭火无人机/电推进系统/优化设计/ParetoKey words
tethered high-payload firefighting UAV/electric propulsion system/optimization design/Pareto分类
动力与电气工程引用本文复制引用
杨球,屈峰,廖智麟,李荣登,钱书平,沈铖..系留式大载荷灭火无人机电推进系统优化设计[J].电机与控制应用,2025,52(10):1086-1096,11.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3090500) （2022YFC3090500）
国家自然科学基金(U24A20145) National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3090500) （U24A20145）
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20145) （U24A20145）
