煤矿安全2025，Vol.56Issue(11)：18-27,10.DOI:10.13347/j.cnki.mkaq.20241106
超细煤尘可生物降解降尘剂的复配及性能评价
Compound preparation and performance evaluation of biodegradable dust suppressant agent for ultrafine coal dust
摘要
Abstract
The problems such as poor wettability of ultrafine coal dust(mass fraction of coal dust with a particle size less than 5 μm is not less than 50%)have seriously restricted the effect of mine dust control.Based on this,a new type of highly efficient and biode-gradable dust suppressant was studied and designed.Fourteen common surfactants were selected.The surface tension tester,contact angle tester and sedimentation test were used to test the 14 surfactants,and three single surfactants were seleted.The single surfact-ants seleted were compounded in pairs.Three compounded solutions were selected for laboratory spray dust suppression simulation tests,five-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5)and chemical oxygen demand(COD)tests to determine the final dust suppres-sion agent formula.Infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the changes of oxygen-containing functional groups on the sur-face of coal dust after treatment with dust suppressant,as well as the changes of surface potential of coal before and after the action of dust suppressant.The results show that water has poor wettability for ultrafine coal dust,while the dust suppressant can improve the wettability of ultrafine coal dust.The comprehensive determination of the dust suppressant formula is a mixture of coconut oil di-ethanolamide(CDEA)and secondary alkyl sodium sulfonate(SAS-60),with the two in a 4∶1 mass ratio(mass fraction is 0.05%).The biodegradability value(BOD5/COD)of the dust suppressant reaches 0.4,and it belongs to the biodegradable type,meeting the standards for coal mine wastewater treatment.The COD also meets the requirements of anaerobic fermentation technology,thereby promoting the release of organic matter and providing raw materials for biological manufacturing.The dust suppression agent has a dust suppression rate of over 80%for ultrafine coal dust,and the maximum dust suppression efficiency can reach 90%.After being treated with the dust suppressant,the oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of coal dust increase,the hydrophilicity is enhanced,and the electronegativity is weakened,indicating that the dust suppressant can adsorb on the surface of coal dust,thereby achieving the dust suppression effect.关键词
超细煤尘/生物降解性/表面活性剂/润湿性/喷雾降尘/粉尘防控/降尘剂Key words
ultra-fine coal dust/biodegradability/surfactant/wettability/spray dust reduction/dust prevent and control/dust sup-pressant分类
矿山工程引用本文复制引用
金艳,李秋霖,李刚,韩翔,李侃社,周安宁,王麒瑞,王秋红,陈福欣..超细煤尘可生物降解降尘剂的复配及性能评价[J].煤矿安全,2025,56(11):18-27,10.基金项目
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52174208) （52174208）
陕西省自然科学基金资助项目(2021JQ556) （2021JQ556）
中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2020M673610XB) （2020M673610XB）
