人口与经济Issue(6)：103-120,18.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4149.2025.06.008
延迟退休背景下中国老年人的工作寿命及其分化
Working Life and Differentiation of Chinese Elderly under the Background of Delayed Retirement
摘要
Abstract
One of the key factors in determining the extent of retirement age postponement is how long the current elderly population can continue to work based on their actual working conditions and health status.Based on national census data and the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey(CLASS),this study uses life table techniques to estimate the working life of Chinese elderly individuals under the context of delayed retirement,exploring the impact of heterogeneity factors such as occupation,education and income on the phenomenon of"retiring but not resting".The findings show that elderly individuals who retired from institutional jobs had shorter working life(1.61 years in 2020),with the proportion of healthy working life remaining above 90%.In contrast,elderly individuals retiring from non-institutional jobs had longer and significantly increased working life(6.49 years in 2020),although the proportion of healthy working life increased,the absolute value of unhealthy work years remained high.Similarly,elderly individuals with higher education had the shortest working life(3.16 years in 2020),with a proportion of healthy working life of 93.78%.In contrast,elderly individuals with lower education had longer working life(6.43 years in 2020),with a proportion of healthy working life for 90.59%.Elderly individuals with higher family income had the shortest working life(2.81 years in 2020),while those with lower family income had longer working life(8.12 years in 2020).The findings of this study indicate that elderly individuals from lower social classes are more inclined to"retire but not rest"to seek economic security in old age.Economic motivation,rather than value-driven aspirations,is the primary factor for the current phenomenon of"retiring but not resting"among the elderly in China.Therefore,it is necessary to optimize the delayed retirement policy,implement flexible retirement designs,create age-friendly employment opportunities,and improve the pension system to truly achieve"productive aging"and"adequate old-age support".关键词
延迟退休/退而不休/老年工作寿命/社会分化Key words
delayed retirement/retiring but not resting/elderly working life/social stratification分类
社会学引用本文复制引用
孙永健,陈友华..延迟退休背景下中国老年人的工作寿命及其分化[J].人口与经济,2025,(6):103-120,18.基金项目
国家社会科学基金重大项目"人口高质量发展视角下积极应对老龄化问题研究"(23&ZD186) （23&ZD186）
江苏省老龄文明智库2025年度课题项目"短视频平台上老年人情感欺骗与网络诈骗的治理研究"(25LLWM31). （25LLWM31）
