上海预防医学2025，Vol.37Issue(9)：719-724,6.DOI:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2025.250123
2024年上海地区H1N1流感病毒HA与NA基因的进化与变异
Evolution and genetic variation of HA and NA genes of H1N1 influenza virus in Shanghai,2024
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]To analyze the evolutionary characteristics and genetic variations of the HA(hemagglutinin)and NA(neuraminidase)genes of influenza A(H1N1)viruses in Shanghai during 2024,to investigate their transmission patterns,and to evaluate their potential impact on vaccine effectiveness.[Methods]From January to October 2024,throat swab specimens were collected from influenza like illness(ILI)patients at 4 hospitals in Shanghai.Real-time fluorescence ploymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used for virus detection and isolation of H1N1 influenza viruses.Forty influenza A(H1N1)virus strains were sequenced using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform,followed by phylogenetic analyses,genetic distance analysis,and amino acid variation analyses of HA and NA genes.[Results]Phylogenetic tree of the HA and NA genes revealed that the 40 influenza A(H1N1)virus strains circulating in Shanghai in 2024 exhibited no significant geographic clustering,with a broad origin of strains and complex transmission chains.Genetic distance analyses demonstrated that the average intra-group genetic distances of HA and NA genes among the Shanghai strains were 0.005 1±0.000 6 and 0.004 6±0.000 6,respectively,which were comparable to or higher than those observed in global surveillance strains.Both HA and NA genes displayed frequent mutations.Compared to the 2023‒2024 and 2024‒2025 Northern Hemisphere A(H1N1)vaccine strains(WHO-recommended),the HA proteins of 40 Shanghai strains exhibited amino acid substitutions at positions 120,137,142,169,216,223,260,277,356 and 451,with critical mutations at positions 137 and 142 located within the Ca2 antigenic determinant.Furthermore,mutations in the NA protein were observed at positions 13,50,200,257,264,339 and 382.[Conclusion]The genetic background of the 2024 Shanghai influenza A(H1N1)virus strains is complex and diverse,and antigenic variation may affect vaccine effectiveness.Therefore,it is recommended to enhance genomic surveillance of influenza viruses,evaluate vaccine suitability,and implement more targeted prevention and control strategies against imported influenza viruses.关键词
流感病毒/HA基因/NA基因/氨基酸/变异/进化Key words
influenza virus/HA gene/NA gene/amino acid/variation/evolution分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
蒋露芳,董琳娟,郑雅旭,陈胤孜,姜晨彦,熊成龙,陈健,褚维,乔雪飞,孙攀,邓森淼,王雨茜,赵雪,熊家声,吕锡宏..2024年上海地区H1N1流感病毒HA与NA基因的进化与变异[J].上海预防医学,2025,37(9):719-724,6.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(82404331) （82404331）
上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023-2025年)学科带头项目(GWVI-11.2-XD04),重点学科项目(GWVI-11.1-01) （2023-2025年）
2023年东方英才计划青年项目(无编号) （无编号）
