中国水稻科学2025，Vol.39Issue(6)：847-862,16.DOI:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.250811
不同机插方式下控混肥施用方式对淮北地区优质食味粳稻产量及氮素利用的影响
Effect of Application Methods of Mixed Controlled-release Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Good Taste Quality japonica Rice Under Different Mechanical Transplanting Methods in the Huaibei Region
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]This experiment was conducted to clarify the effects of application methods of mixed controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and nitrogen utilization of good-eating quality japonica rice under different mechanical transplanting methods in Huaibei region,aiming to screen the optimal mixed controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer treatment that matches the nutrient absorption of good-eating quality japonica rice,and to provide a scientific basis for its high-yield,high-quality and simplified cultivation.[Method]In this experiment,two good-eating quality japonica rice varieties,Xudao 9 and Nanjing 5718,were used as materials to study the effects on yield,population quality indices and characteristics of nitrogen absorption and utilization under different treatments.Controlled-release fertilizer and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer were mixed at a ratio of 5:5.The controlled-release fertilizer was blended from fertilizers with four different release periods(40,60,80,and 100 d)at a ratio of 1:4 to form three mixing modes,designated as N1(40+60),N2(40+80),and N3(40+100).Conventional urea split application(CK)was used as a control.[Result](1)Under different mechanical transplanting methods,the N2 treatment achieved the highest yield.The increase in yield was mainly attributed to the significant increase in effective panicle number and total spikelet number.Under the wide-narrow row pot seedling mechanical transplanting method,the average yields of the N2 treatment over two years reached 11.29 t hm-2 and 11.79 t hm-2,showing significant increases of 6.01％and 6.89％compared with CK,respectively.Under the equal-row spacing blanket seedling mechanical transplanting method,the average yields of the N2 treatment over two years reached 10.71 t hm-2 and 11.12 t hm-2,showing significant increases of 5.05％and 5.30％compared with CK,respectively.(2)Under different mechanical transplanting methods,the average tiller number at maturity in the N2 treatment was significantly increased by 7.30％-10.44％compared with CK,which effectively promoted the formation of high-yield populations.Meanwhile,under the N2 treatment,the leaf area index and leaf photosynthetic potential during the heading-maturity stage were significantly increased by 3.47％-13.25％and 6.53％-7.77％compared with CK,respectively,effectively promoting the formation of high-photosynthetic-efficiency populations.(3)Under different transplanting methods,the partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen and the agronomic nitrogen use efficiency showed the order of N2>N3>CK>N1,while the nitrogen uptake efficiency and the nitrogen uptake per 100 kilograms of grain showed the order of N3>N2>CK>N1.In the N2 treatment,the partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen,agronomic nitrogen use efficiency,nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen uptake per 100 kilograms of grain were 5.13％-6.44％,12.74％-16.14％,15.14％-16.62％and 2.35％-2.87％higher than those in CK,respectively.The higher nitrogen utilization rate led to greater dry matter accumulation in the population under the N2 treatment.Under the wide-narrow row pot seedling mechanical transplanting method,the average dry matter accumulation during the jointing-heading stage and the heading-maturity stage in the N2 treatment was higher than that in CK by 3.11％and 3.23％,and 6.85％and 11.62％,respectively,over the two years;under the equal-row spacing blanket seedling mechanical transplanting method,the average dry matter accumulation during the jointing-heading stage and the heading-maturity stage in the N2 treatment was higher than that in CK by 2.80％and 2.45％,and 5.61％and 9.23％,respectively,over the two years.[Conclusion]Under both wide-narrow row pot seedling mechanical transplanting and equal-row spacing blanket seedling mechanical transplanting methods,the one-time basal application of the N2 mixed controlled-release fertilizer best matched the nutrient absorption of good-eating quality japonica rice in the Huaibei region.It promoted the formation of high-yield and high-efficiency populations,and thus can be regarded as an effective measure for achieving increased yield and efficiency through simplified cultivation of good-eating quality japonica rice in the Huaibei region.关键词
优质食味粳稻/机插/控释肥/产量/氮素利用Key words
good taste quality japonica rice/mechanical transplanting/controlled-release fertilizer/yield/nitrogen utilization引用本文复制引用
卞金龙,任高磊,裘实,许方甫,胡忠磊,张洪程,魏海燕..不同机插方式下控混肥施用方式对淮北地区优质食味粳稻产量及氮素利用的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2025,39(6):847-862,16.基金项目
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFD2301401) （2022YFD2301401）
国家水稻产业技术体系项目(CARS-01) （CARS-01）
江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD) （PAPD）
扬州大学高层次人才科研启动基金资助项目(137013338). （137013338）
