植物营养与肥料学报2025，Vol.31Issue(10)：2029-2042,14.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2025033
黄淮海典型县域农田土壤微生物特征与肥力关系探究
The relationship between soil microbial characteristics and fertility in typical farmland of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China
摘要
Abstract
[Objectives]Soil microorganisms influence soil fertility by participating in the decomposition of organic residues,the mineralization of insoluble nutrients,and the transformation among different nutrient forms.This study aimed to delve into the microbial characteristics of grain fields with varying fertility levels and their intrinsic links to soil fertility in Huang-Huai-Hai region of China.[Methods]Wuqiang County in Hebei Province is a typical winter wheat-summer maize producing county.Soil were sampled using a 3 km×3 km grid pattern across the entire county,resulting in a total of 43 representative soil samples.These samples underwent testing for total N,organic matter,available P,available K,pH,and soil respiration rate to calculate soil fertility indexes(SFI)of the represented farmlands.Additionally,the extracellular enzyme activities were determined using specific kits,and the microbial communities were extracted and identified using high-throughput sequencing technology.The beneficial bacteria and pathogenic fungi were indentified using databases dedicated to plant beneficial bacteria and fungal pathogens.Correlation analysis and random forest prediction were employed and a structural equation model based on partial least squares path modeling was constructed to investigate the interrelations between microbial communities and soil fertility,along with its key indicators.[Results]High-fertility(HF)soils exhibited higher total N(41%),organic matter(47%),available K(38%),and available P(82%)than the low fertility(LF)soils.The soil total N(P=0.03)and organic matter(P=0.04)significantly affected the composition of microorganisms in soils of different fertility levels.HF soils also demonstrated a significant reduction in bacterial α-diversity and distinct species composition compared to LF soils.Specifically,the relative abundance of the genus Nitrososphaera in HF soils was 48%and 63%higher than that of medium-and low-fertiltity soils,respectively.Similarly,the beneficial genus Methylophilus showed a 69%and 141%increase in relative abundance,while the pathogenic genus Exophiala decreased by 40%and 67%,respectively.HF soils also showed a 0.25%decrease in the bacterial Shannon index compared to LF soils,along with a 39%and 37%increase in the activities of alkaline phosphatase and glucosidase respectively.Random forest prediction indicated the significant impact of genera Nitrososphaera,Methylophilus,and Exophiala on soil fertility(P<0.01).The structural equation model showed that microbial composition had an extremely significant impact on microbial diversity(P<0.01),and by enhancing soil extracellular enzyme activity,the nutrient status of the soil was significantly enhanced(P<0.05).[Conclusions]The composition of microbial communities in soils with varying fertility levels shows significant differences.Specifically,the abundance of the ammonia-oxidizing archaea genus Nitrososphaera and the beneficial bacterium genus Methylophilus increases,while the abundance of the potentially pathogenic fungus genus Exophiala decreases.This optimized community structure enhances the activities of soil extracellular enzymes associated with carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus cycling,facilitates the transformation of organic nutrients,and thereby effectively improves soil functioning.Given these findings,the abundance of differential microorganisms can be incorporated into soil fertility evaluation systems to provide a more comprehensive assessment of soil ecological functions.关键词
中低肥力农田/土壤肥力指数/土壤微生物/有益菌/酶活性Key words
medium and low fertility farmland/soil fertility index/soil microbes/plant-beneficial bacteria/enzyme activity引用本文复制引用
孙苗苗,毕晶晶,魏步青,曾贤,刘兴艳,邹淼,冯秀秀,宋阿琳,范分良..黄淮海典型县域农田土壤微生物特征与肥力关系探究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2025,31(10):2029-2042,14.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901004) （2021YFD1901004）
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610132024006) （1610132024006）
中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-CSAL-202301). （CAAS-CSAL-202301）
