储能科学与技术2025，Vol.14Issue(11)：4123-4132,10.DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0459
多组分电解液协同效应提升Cr8O21||Li一次电池倍率性能和高温贮存寿命研究
Synergistic effect of multi-component electrolyte on the rate performance and high-temperature storage life of Cr8O21||Li primary battery
摘要
Abstract
The chromium oxide(Cr8O21)primary battery has emerged as a research hotspot in aerospace and military applications owing to its high energy density and high operating voltage.However,its use under extreme conditions is constrained by the inherent trade-off between high current discharge capacity and high-temperature storage life,which conventional electrolytes cannot simultaneously optimize.To address this issue,a multi-component electrolyte design strategy was proposed.A mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate(EC,high dielectric constant)and methyl ethyl carbonate(EMC,low viscosity)was employed to enhance lithium-salt dissociation and ion migration efficiency.Propylene carbonate(PC,high boiling point)was incorporated to improve electrolyte thermal stability,while a dual-salt system of lithium hexafluorophosphate(LiPF6)and lithium bis(oxalato)borate(LiBOB)was used to regulate solvation structure and form a stable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)film enriched with LiF and B—O species.This strategy ensures high ionic conductivity,a low desolvation energy barrier,elevated thermal decomposition temperature,and strong interfacial passivation,thereby overcoming the functional limitations of single-component electrolytes.Experimental results demonstrate that the specific discharge capacity of the Cr8O21||Li primary battery at a 5 C rate is 1.53 times higher than that with a commercial electrolyte of lithium tetrafluoroborate(LiBF4)in PC+ethylene glycol dimethyl ether(DME).Moreover,the high-temperature storage life at 60℃is extended more than fivefold,with a capacity retention of 89%after 720 h.This work establishes a new paradigm for electrolyte design and interface control in high-reliability primary batteries for extreme environments,offering significant engineering value for spacecraft power systems and other specialized applications.关键词
Cr8O21/一次电池/大电流放电/高温贮存寿命/协同效应Key words
Cr8O21/primary battery/high current discharge/high-temperature storage life/synergistic effect分类
动力与电气工程引用本文复制引用
张岩,张红梅,廖丽,文炫中,王明珊,李星..多组分电解液协同效应提升Cr8O21||Li一次电池倍率性能和高温贮存寿命研究[J].储能科学与技术,2025,14(11):4123-4132,10.基金项目
"HY行动"前沿扫描类项目(62402010314). （62402010314）
